3-Aryl-2-chloropropanals in Hantzsch Synthesis of Pyrroles

Crystal structure of methyl-2-methyl-4-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate, C21H19NO3

“…Generally, pyrroles possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial [11], telomerase inhibitory [12], antifungal [13], cardiotonic [14], pheromonal [15], and phytotoxic e ects [16]. The classical approaches for synthesizing pyrroles are Knorr [17,18], Hantzsch [19][20][21], and Paal-Knorr …”

Recent developments in the group-1B-metal-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles

“…1 Besides, pyrroles are also important constructional units in organic synthesis. 2 There are many of methodologies for the synthesis of pyrroles, which include classical ones, such as Knorr reaction, 3 Hantzsch reaction, 4 Paal-Knorr condensation reaction 5 and new ones that emerge in endlessly. Moreover, the synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by the group 1B metals (Cu, Ag and Au) is always a research hotspot.…”

Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrroles and 1,4-dihydro-tetraarylpyrazines using acidic alumina as a heterogeneous catalyst

“…A variety of classical methods have been reported for the synthesis of pyrroles, such as the Barton-Zard [10], Hantzsch [11], Knorr [12,13], Trofimov [14], Paal-Knorr [15,16], and Clauson-Kaas [17][18][19] reactions and their modifications. In addition, pyrroles have also been synthesized by the Huisgen reaction [20][21][22], cyclization of N-propargylic derivatives [23,24], including propargyl aziridines [25,26], through the cyclocondensation of vinyl azides with 1,3-dicarbonyls [27,28], transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization [29], [3 + 2] cycloadditions [30], and multi-component reactions [4,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], among various other alternatives.…”