This study revealed the design and preparation of new
3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one
derivatives 9a–h. The structures of the synthesized
products were
elucidated by their spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography for
compounds 9a and 9d. The prepared new compounds
were measured for their fluorescence, and a good result indicated
that the emission efficiency was decreased by increasing the electron-withdrawing
groups from the unsubstituted compound 9a to the highly
substituted derivative 9h (2 Br heavy atoms). On the
other hand, the B3LYP/6-311G** theoretical level of theory was used
to optimize the quantum mechanical calculations of the geometrical
characteristics and energy of the novel compounds 9a–h under study. The electronic transition was investigated using the
TD-DFT/PCM B3LYP approach, which uses time-dependent density functional
calculations. Moreover, the compounds exhibited nonlinear optical
properties (NLO) and a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap, which makes
them easy to polarize. Furthermore, the acquired infrared spectra
were compared with the expected harmonic vibrations of the substances 9a–h. On the other hand, binding energy analyses of
compounds 9a–h with human corona virus nucleocapsid
protein Nl63 (PDB ID: 5epw) were predicted using molecular docking
and virtual screening tools. The results showed a promising binding
and how these potent compounds were inhibiting the COVID-19 virus.
Compound 9h was the most active anti-COVID-19 agent among
all the synthesized benzothiazolyl-coumarin derivatives, as it forms
five bonds. The presence of the two bromine atoms in its structure
was responsible for the potent activity.