3 Coacervation-phase separation technology

Nairm, J.G.

doi:10.1016/s0065-3136(06)80005-1

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…The phenomenon of coacervation was first described in the literature in 1929 by De Jong [ 141 ]. Coacervation is a term used to describe the formation of colloid-rich liquids resulting from various processes that cause phase separation in aqueous systems of macromolecules or colloids in solution [ 142 ]. Colloidal systems are defined as a biphasic system, in which one phase is a continuous liquid, while the other phase is a solid highly dispersed in the liquid in the form of particles or structures derived from them, even smaller than a nanometer [ 143 ].…”

Section: Gelatin-based Ddssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Gelatin-Based Drug Delivery Systems

et al. 2023

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Gelatin is a highly versatile natural polymer, which is widely used in healthcare-related sectors due to its advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-cost, and the availability of exposed chemical groups. In the biomedical field, gelatin is used also as a biomaterial for the development of drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to its applicability to several synthesis techniques. In this review, after a brief overview of its chemical and physical properties, the focus is placed on the commonly used techniques for the development of gelatin-based micro- or nano-sized DDSs. We highlight the potential of gelatin as a carrier of many types of bioactive compounds and its ability to tune and control select drugs’ release kinetics. The desolvation, nanoprecipitation, coacervation, emulsion, electrospray, and spray drying techniques are described from a methodological and mechanistic point of view, with a careful analysis of the effects of the main variable parameters on the DDSs’ properties. Lastly, the outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies involving gelatin-based DDSs are thoroughly discussed.

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Section: Gelatin-based Ddssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Gelatin-Based Drug Delivery Systems

et al. 2023

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“…Coacervation involves two phases [51]. The coacervate phase is rich in colloid while the equilibrium phase contains little amounts of colloid [52]. Depending on the involved polymer systems and phase separation mechanism, the coacervation processes can be differentiated into two types: the simple and complex coacervation [51,53] (Figure 3).…”

Section: Coacervation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in Biomedical Hydrogels: From Traditional Crosslinking to Plasma-Assisted Synthesis

2022

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The use of materials to restore or replace the functions of damaged body parts has been proven historically. Any material can be considered as a biomaterial as long as it performs its biological function and does not cause adverse effects to the host. With the increasing demands for biofunctionality, biomaterials nowadays may not only encompass inertness but also specialized utility towards the target biological application. A hydrogel is a biomaterial with a 3D network made of hydrophilic polymers. It is regarded as one of the earliest biomaterials developed for human use. The preparation of hydrogel is often attributed to the polymerization of monomers or crosslinking of hydrophilic polymers to achieve the desired ability to hold large amounts of aqueous solvents and biological fluids. The generation of hydrogels, however, is shifting towards developing hydrogels through the aid of enabling technologies. This review provides the evolution of hydrogels and the different approaches considered for hydrogel preparation. Further, this review presents the plasma process as an enabling technology for tailoring hydrogel properties. The mechanism of plasma-assisted treatment during hydrogel synthesis and the current use of the plasma-treated hydrogels are also discussed.

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“…Complex coacervation is an associative liquid–liquid phase separation phenomenon that can occur between mixtures of oppositely charged macro-ions such as polyelectrolytes, proteins, surfactant micelles, and nanoparticles. ,− This phase separation results in the formation of a dense, macroion-rich phase, called the coacervate phase, and a macroion-deficient phase, called the supernatant. The driving force for coacervation comes from a combination of the electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged macro-ions, and the resulting entropic gains associated with the release of bound counterions and restructuring of water upon complex formation. ,− Thus, coacervation can be affected by parameters such as the charge stoichiometry of the system, − the ionic strength, ,,− solution pH, ,,, the size and/or net charge of the macro-ions, ,,− as well as charge density and/or distribution of charges. ,,,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Rules for the Sequestration of Viruses into Polypeptide Complex Coacervates

Joshi,

Decker,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Biomacromolecules

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Encapsulation is a strategy that has been used to facilitate the delivery and increase the stability of proteins and viruses. Here, we investigate the encapsulation of viruses via complex coacervation, which is a liquid–liquid phase separation resulting from the complexation of oppositely charged polymers. In particular, we utilized polypeptide-based coacervates and explored the effects of peptide chemistry, chain length, charge patterning, and hydrophobicity to better understand the effects of the coacervating polypeptides on virus incorporation. Our study utilized two nonenveloped viruses, porcine parvovirus (PPV) and human rhinovirus (HRV). PPV has a higher charge density than HRV, and they both appear to be relatively hydrophobic. These viruses were compared to characterize how the charge, hydrophobicity, and patterning of chemistry on the surface of the virus capsid affects encapsulation. Consistent with the electrostatic nature of complex coacervation, our results suggest that electrostatic effects associated with the net charge of both the virus and polypeptide dominated the potential for incorporating the virus into a coacervate, with clustering of charges also playing a significant role. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of a virus appears to determine the degree to which increasing the hydrophobicity of the coacervating peptides can enhance virus uptake. Nonintuitive trends in uptake were observed with regard to both charge patterning and polypeptide chain length, with these parameters having a significant effect on the range of coacervate compositions over which virus incorporation was observed. These results provide insights into biophysical mechanisms, where sequence effects can control the uptake of proteins or viruses into biological condensates and provide insights for use in formulation strategies.

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3 Coacervation-phase separation technology

Cited by 23 publications

References 193 publications

Current Trends in Gelatin-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Current Trends in Gelatin-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Current Trends in Biomedical Hydrogels: From Traditional Crosslinking to Plasma-Assisted Synthesis

Design Rules for the Sequestration of Viruses into Polypeptide Complex Coacervates

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