3-D high-fidelity hydrostructural optimization of cavitation-free composite lifting surfaces

Liao, Yingqian; Martins, Joaquim R. R. A.; Young, Yin Lu

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113937

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…We use our MDO framework, MACH, to perform aerostructural optimization studies using high-fidelity CFD and CSM analysis tools . This framework uses a coupled-adjoint approach for gradient computation and has been extensively used for wing Liem et al, 2015;Burdette and Martins, 2018;Brooks et al, 2018Brooks et al, , 2019Bons et al, 2022;Brooks et al, 2020;Bons and Martins, 2020) and hydrofoil design (Garg et al, 2017(Garg et al, , 2019Liao et al, 2021Liao et al, , 2022. This paper applies the same methodology to a high-fidelity wind turbine aerostructural model to demonstrate the potential performance and mass reduction benefits of integrating this approach in rotor blade design.…”

Section: Contributions and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This structural model is relatively simple because this paper's primary objective is to demonstrate our optimization framework's capabilities. In future work, we plan to perform coupled optimization studies with a composite model and additional design variables, such as fiber angle and ply fractional layup, to leverage structural anisotropy and tailored bend-twist coupling properties (Brooks et al, 2019;Liao et al, 2021).…”

Section: Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aeroelastic Tailoring of Wind Turbine Rotors Using High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

Mangano

Liao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Reducing the cost of energy from wind power is a critical step towards decarbonizing the electric grid and mitigating climate change effects. Computational models are crucial in understanding the complex, multiphysics interactions of modern, highly flexible wind turbine rotors. When coupled with numerical optimization, such models provide an efficient way to explore the design space. We propose a high-fidelity aerostructural framework that couples computational fluid dynamics with 5 computational structural mechanics to analyze and optimize wind turbines. The framework uses a gradient-based optimization strategy with gradients efficiently computed using a coupled-adjoint approach. We optimize a benchmark utility-scale wind turbine rotor and explore its trade-offs between steady-state aerodynamic efficiency and structural weight. The optimizations account for a representative below-rated operating condition and use more than 100 structural and geometric design variables. The monolithic approach we propose is compared with a loosely-coupled optimization strategy used for the structural sizing 10 of the baseline rotor layout. We then discuss specific optimized blade features and a broader design trade space exploration between extracted torque and rotor mass. Optimized layouts increase the torque by up to 14 % and reduce the mass by up to 9 % or reduce the mass by up to 27 % with the same torque output compared to the baseline blade. The results demonstrate the benefits of optimizing a tightly-coupled aerostructural model and reveal additional insights that high-fidelity analysis provide to complement conventional design approaches.

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Section: Contributions and Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeroelastic Tailoring of Wind Turbine Rotors Using High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

Mangano

Liao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Many previous studies [1][2][3][4][5] show that some minor geometrical details (local shape, surface roughness, coating…) in engine parts strongly influence the onset and development of certain physical phenomena like cavitation, for various types of systems such as rotating machinery. In addition, these studies confirm that the modelling of the influence of these details on the engine operation can help in the optimization process.…”

Section: Ijmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the critical overlap length of hudraulic distributors regarding cavitation inception

2021

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The present paper is focused on the optimization of the overlap length in various types of distributors in hydraulic systems. It has been shown that this length has a strong influence on cavitation in rotating distributors, so its optimization would be beneficial to reduce the detrimental effects of cavitation, such as noise, vibrations, and instabilities. The objective of the present study is to generalize the modelling of the overlap length to different types of distributors and to determine the critical length at cavitation inception. The results show that the pressure losses in rotating distributors and in other types of distributors are similar, including the slide-valves that are the vast majority of distributors in hydraulic systems. It is confirmed that the overlap length has a stronger influence on the cavitation development than the distributor rotation speed. A critical overlap length of 0.071 mm is obtained, below which no significant development of cavitation is obtained, at all rotation speeds. Article Highlights The pressure losses in a rotating distributor and in a slide-valve can be expressed similarly. The overlap length has a large influence on the cavitation development, much larger than the rotation speed. A critical overlap length of 0.071 mm was obtained, below which there is almost no cavitation, for any rotation speed.

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“…The composite hydrofoils deployed in the America's Cup, for example, experience hydrofoil deflections large enough to be observed with the naked eye, particularly during sudden unloading caused by the transition from fully wetted to fully ventilated flows. Tailored hydroelastic designs have been proposed that use a foil's flexibility to delay cavitation and ventilation (Young et al 2017;Liao, Martins & Young 2021). However, doing so requires comprehensive knowledge of the effects of multiphase flow on the coupled fluid-structure dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tailored hydroelastic designs have been proposed that use a foil's flexibility to delay cavitation and ventilation (Young et al. 2017; Liao, Martins & Young 2021). However, doing so requires comprehensive knowledge of the effects of multiphase flow on the coupled fluid–structure dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave effects on the hydroelastic response of a surface-piercing hydrofoil. Part 2. Cavitating and ventilating flows

Young,

Valles,

Di Napoli

et al. 2023

J. Fluid Mech.

Self Cite

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The objective of this paper is to understand the effects of waves and vaporous cavitation upon the hydrodynamic and hydroelastic responses of a flexible surface-piercing hydrofoil, adding to the subcavitating results presented in Part 1. In general, the presence of a sufficiently large vaporous cavitation bubble facilitated the formation of a ventilated cavity, substantially reducing the angle of attack or speed required to induce fully ventilated flow, relative to subcavitating conditions. A new co-analysis procedure was used to isolate synchronous hydrodynamic modes and structural operating deflection shapes. Significant dynamic load amplification occurred when the resonant frequencies of the first twisting and second bending modes coalesced in both fully wetted and partially cavitating flows. The presence of waves did not diminish the effect of frequency coalescence, but did encourage intermittent lock-in with both leading edge cavity shedding and trailing edge vortex shedding at certain speeds. Partial cavity shedding typically had a negligible impact on the power spectral densities of structural motions because of incoherent cavity shedding. However, lock-in between the cavity shedding frequency and modal coalescence frequency led to shifting of the primary frequency peak, as well as amplified harmonics and interactions between the cavity shedding frequency and vortex shedding frequency. The transition from partially cavitating to fully ventilated flow caused sudden and large drops in the mean hydrodynamic loads and deformations, as well as substantial reductions in the intensity of the fluctuations.

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3-D high-fidelity hydrostructural optimization of cavitation-free composite lifting surfaces

Cited by 12 publications

References 74 publications

Aeroelastic Tailoring of Wind Turbine Rotors Using High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

Aeroelastic Tailoring of Wind Turbine Rotors Using High-Fidelity Multidisciplinary Design Optimization

Optimization of the critical overlap length of hudraulic distributors regarding cavitation inception

Wave effects on the hydroelastic response of a surface-piercing hydrofoil. Part 2. Cavitating and ventilating flows

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