3-D Network Pore Structures in Copper Foams by Electrodeposition and Hydrogen Bubble Templating Mechanism

Zhang, Wenbin; Ding, Chen; Wang, Ai‐Jun; Zeng, Yanwei

doi:10.1149/2.0591508jes

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As explained in the literature, the origin of the 3D foam structure is the consequence of a complex interplay between the reactions that occurs simultaneously over the electrode surface at a high cathodic current density: i) mass transport‐limited deposition of the metal which give rise to the dendritic growth and ii) hydrogen evolution reaction (i.e., formation, growth, coalescence and detachment of H 2 bubbles). Under this extremely high current density the hydrogen bubbles behave as a dynamic template during Cu deposition (see Figure a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Three‐Dimensional Porous Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation

2017

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Highly porous Cu foams comprised of interconnected branched dendrites were used as sacrificial templates for the fabrication of pseudo core–shell Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru unsupported electrodes by galvanic replacement. The as‐prepared materials presented a three‐dimensional structure with pores between 17 and 45 μm made of superimposed layers of ramified dendrites. TEM analysis showed that the dendrites were composed of agglomerates of grains of about 4 nm in size and mesopores of ca. 30 nm in diameter. The as‐prepared 3D electrodes were tested for methanol oxidation in acid media at different temperatures. The results showed that the catalytic activities of Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru foams normalized to the electrochemical surface area are almost 50 % higher than that of a commercial Pt−Ru/C material, with poisoning rates that are reduced by half in the same potential range. The enhanced behavior of the as‐prepared foams is believed to be the result of the influence of copper atoms on the reactivity of platinum sites, the highly defective structure of the electrodes, as well as the facilitated diffusion of methanol molecules and the products formed during the reaction throughout the highly porous three‐dimensional structure of the electrode. The apparent activation energies (Ea,app) for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) were determined by potentiostatic experiments. Ea,app values of 29.07 and 24.20 kJ mol−1 were calculated for Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru foams at 0.3 V, respectively. The results suggested that the MOR is governed by the dissociative adsorption of methanol as a result of the multifunctional nature of the catalyst and the facilitated diffusion of the products formed during the reaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Three‐Dimensional Porous Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation

2017

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“…3 From all metals and alloys which can be obtained in the honeycomb-like form, copper is the most studied system [1,2,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][40][41][42]. The both galvanostatic [1,10,11] and potentiostatic [2,4,9,14,41,42] regimes of electrolysis are widely used for production of Cu in the honeycomb-like form.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a lot of studies on the formation of micro porous mono metal honeycomb-like structures with nano porous walls, like Cu [1,2,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14], Ag [15,16], Au [17,18], Pt [19], Pb [20], Sn [1], Ni [21][22][23], Pd [24] and Ru [25]. Some bimetallic systems have been performed…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of formation of the honeycomb-like structures by the regime of the reversing current (RC) in the second range

Berkesi

Živković

Elezović

et al. 2019

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Electrodeposition of copper in the hydrogen co-deposition range by the regime of reversing current (RC) in the second range has been investigated by determination of the average current efficiency for hydrogen evolution reaction and by scanning electron (SEM) and optical (OM) microscopic analysis of the obtained deposits. Keeping the cathodic current density, the cathodic and the anodic pulses constant in all experiments, the anodic current density (ja) values were varied: 40, 80, 160, 240 and 320 mA cm -2 . The Cu deposits produced by the RC regimes with different anodic current density values were compared with that obtained in a constant galvanostatic regime (DC) at the current density equal to the cathodic current density in the RC regimes. The honeycomb-like structures were formed in the DC regime and by the RC regimes with ja of 40 and 80 mA cm -2 . The hole size in them was in the 6070 m range. Due to the decrease of quantity of evolved hydrogen with increasing anodic current density, the larger dishlike holes with dendrites at their bottom and shoulder were formed with ja values of 160, 240 and 320 mA cm -2 . The maximum number of holes, and hence, the largest specific surface area of the honeycomb-like electrodes was obtained with ja = 80 mA cm -2 , that can be ascribed to a suppression of coalescence of neighboring hydrogen bubbles. Application of the RC regime also led to the increase of uniformity of structures, what is concluded by cross section analysis of the formed honeycomb-like electrodes. For the first time, mechanism of Cu electrodeposition in the hydrogen co-deposition range by the RC regime in the second range was proposed and discussed.

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“…There already is great interest in the synthesis of various porous materials such as metal foams, nanowires, porous coatings, thin porous films, etc. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Depending on the materials, type of pores (open or closed cells), the porosity and size of pores, such materials have broad application capabilities, from simple ones such as heat transfer or electrodes to more complicated cases of various redox reactions, catalysis, sensing, supercapacitors, or even gas storage because of the high surface area and low density available [9,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Foam Electrode as a Cathode for Copper Electrowinning

Vainoris

Cesiulis²,

Цынцару

2020

Coatings

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The geometry of porous materials is complex, and the determination of the true surface area is important because it affects current density, how certain reactions will progress, their rates, etc. In this work, we have investigated the dependence of the electrochemical deposition of copper coatings on the geometry of the copper substrate (flat plates or 3D foams). Chronoamperometric measurements show that copper deposition occurs 3 times faster on copper foams than on a flat electrode with the same geometric area in the same potential range, making metal foams great electrodes for electrowinning. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the mechanism of copper deposition was determined at various concentrations and potentials, and the capacities of the double electric layer (DL) for both types of electrodes were calculated. The DL capacity on the foam electrodes is up to 14 times higher than that on the plates. From EIS data, it was determined that the charge transfer resistance on the Cu foam electrode is 1.5–1.7 times lower than that on the Cu plate electrode. Therefore, metal foam electrodes are great candidates to be used for processes that are controlled by activation polarization or by the adsorption of intermediate compounds (heterogeneous catalysis) and processes occurring on the entire surface of the electrode.

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3-D Network Pore Structures in Copper Foams by Electrodeposition and Hydrogen Bubble Templating Mechanism

Cited by 36 publications

References 37 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Three‐Dimensional Porous Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation

Synthesis and Characterization of Three‐Dimensional Porous Cu@Pt and Cu@Pt‐Ru Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation

Mechanism of formation of the honeycomb-like structures by the regime of the reversing current (RC) in the second range

Metal Foam Electrode as a Cathode for Copper Electrowinning

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