3-D Printed Monolithic GRIN Dielectric-Loaded Double-Ridged Horn Antennas

Hoel, Karina Vieira; Ignatenko, Maxim; Kristoffersen, Stein; Lier, E.; Filipović, Dejan S.

doi:10.1109/tap.2019.2938563

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To make this horn printable, it was printed in a continuous contour where the printhead gradually increases vertically while printing a single wall, commonly known as vase mode. This allowed for a thin wall without a rough seam or warped walls that was thinner than more expensive plastic printing options such as SLS of Nylon which was only able to produce a minimum wall thickness of 0.7 mm [5]. This works well for circular structures since the forces on the cooling print are evenly distributed so the print does not warp which allowed for a smooth and consistent print.…”

Section: Horn and Lens Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additive manufacturing has been useful to reduce the cost and lead time for designing waveguide components. 3D printing of waveguide components has been seen with metal 3D printing [1], various spray coatings and electroplating for plastic 3D printing [2]- [5], metal infused conductive plastic filaments [6], and plastic 3D prints covered in metal foil tape [7]- [10]. Multiple technologies are used for plastic 3D printing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than printing plastics for the structure of waveguide components, many materials used for 3D printing are low loss and can be used to make lenses for antenna pattern enhancement or beam-steering. Such lenses can be in the radiation path outside of the antenna [7], [12] or as part of the antenna itself [5], [10]. Lenses are used to improve the radiation characteristics by increasing the peak gain, reducing side-lobe levels (SLL), or allowing for beam-steering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printed Linearly Polarized X-Band Conical Horn Antenna and Lens

Goode

Saavedra

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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A low-cost method to 3D print and metalize circular waveguide components is demonstrated using polylactic acid (PLA) and aluminum adhesive backed tape. A gradient index (GRIN) lens, an externally metalized thin-walled conical horn, and a WR90 rectangular to linearly polarized circular waveguide transition are simulated, fabricated, and measured. The horn and lens were both monolithic prints that were externally metallized to simplify the metallization process. Both the horn and lens have a measured operational bandwidth of 8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz with an input reflection less than -15 dB and peak gain of 18.7 dBi at mid-band. The walls of the thin-wall horn are printed at a thickness such that the dielectric layer does not impact the performance of the horn while being robust enough to support external metallization. The lensed horn functioned as the support for the aluminum foil while also improving the radiation pattern by improving the E SLL by up to 15 dB compared to the thin-walled horn antenna.INDEX TERMS 3D printing, aperture antenna, circular waveguide, dielectric lens, GRIN lens, horn antenna, waveguide, x-band

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Section: Horn and Lens Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printed Linearly Polarized X-Band Conical Horn Antenna and Lens

Goode

Saavedra

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…Later, single-layer dielectric PCs were reported with and without additional antireflection layers [14], [15]. Even more complex planar [16] and nonplanar [17] 3D printed dielectric PCs were also investigated, but such structures are delicate due to the cuboid 3D lattices with thin dielectric interconnectors. The PCs in the second group are typically made of different shapes of conductive patterns printed on multilayer dielectric substrates, which are often bonded together with prepregs [18]- [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Sustained Rigid Fully Metallic Metasurfaces to Enhance Gain of Shortened Horn Antennas

et al. 2022

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This paper presents mechanically robust, low-cost, lightweight, and polarization-independent metallic metasurfaces (MMs) to enhance the gain and directivity of shortened horn antennas. The MM was designed based on the strategy of correcting the actual phase errors probed on the aperture of the horn using the near-field phase-transformation principle. The fundamental unit cell of the MM is made of a pair of cross slots created in a monolithic thin conductive sheet and is entirely free from high-cost dielectrics. The lack of dielectrics makes MM lightweight, cost-efficient and easy to fabricate the prototype for mass production. The MM has a 2D array of unit cells arranged to increase the gain of the shortened horn by improving aperture efficiency through local phase transformation in a wide frequency band. The concept is demonstrated by designing MMs for shortened horns with different heights and the same physical aperture at the center operating frequency of 12.5 GHz. The maximum gain-bandwidth with MM is achieved for the shortest horn, which is validated by measuring the physical prototype. The results indicate that horn gain with MM increases by 9.2 dB (from 11.1 to 20.3 dBi) and has a 3-dB fractional gain-bandwidth of 10.4%. The weighted density of the fabricated MM is only 0.87 g/cm 2 . Including MM, the total antenna height is around 61% shorter than a conventional air-filled horn having a similar peak gain.

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“…In [6][7][8], by adding wedge structure into the feed waveguide and replacing the H-side wall of the horn with metal grid, the structure of the conventional DRHA has been modified to reduce the influence of higher-order mode and improve the radiation performance below 20 GHz. In [9][10][11][12][13], by loading dielectric or metamaterial lens at the antenna aperture, the antenna gain is significantly improved. However, it deteriorates the matching performance of the antenna.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Broadband Double-Ridge Horn Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Zhao

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a broadband double-ridge horn antenna (DRHA) covering 5G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band is proposed, which maintains stable radiation pattern and gain in the entire band. By redesigning the transition between coaxial and waveguide, there is no splitting or deterioration in the axis pattern throughout the entire 18-54 GHz frequency band, and the VSWRs are all below 2. Meanwhile, by replacing the H-Side wall of the antenna with metal grid, the variation on 3 dB beamwidth of the radiation pattern also become more stable against frequencies. In order to fabricate the prototype successfully, the method of block processing and assembly is adopted, which can ensure high precision machining and make the assembly simple and easy to operate. Prototype measurement results show that the VSWR of the antenna is in well agreement with the simulation ones, while the gain is stable as well as no pattern splitting in the entire frequency band can be observed. It will find potential applications in 5G mm-wave frequency band, especially in the field of antenna measurement system as a standard calibration antenna or a probe antenna.INDEX TERMS Antenna Measurement, broadband antennas, double-ridged horn antenna, millimeter wave antennas. I. NTRODUCTION

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3-D Printed Monolithic GRIN Dielectric-Loaded Double-Ridged Horn Antennas

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

3D Printed Linearly Polarized X-Band Conical Horn Antenna and Lens

3D Printed Linearly Polarized X-Band Conical Horn Antenna and Lens

Self-Sustained Rigid Fully Metallic Metasurfaces to Enhance Gain of Shortened Horn Antennas

Design of Broadband Double-Ridge Horn Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications

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