3-D Printed Palm Adaptors for Hand–arm Vibration Measures: Transmissibility Properties and Misalignment Reduction When Used With Gloves

Abstract

The estimation of the transmissibility of antivibration gloves requires the use of handheld adaptors for holding the accelerometer and assure that it is correctly positioned at the palm level of the hand. The marketplace proposes only few adaptors, specially made for hand-arm vibration measures, so researchers often had to make their proper homemade adaptors to performing their experiments on the gloves' transmissibility. A way to easily build hard-plastic adaptors is given by the possibility to use 3D printers, but in the literature, there is a lack of information about their properties. This paper investigates the properties of 3-D printed adaptors, confronting different materials among the most used (PLA, ABS, and Nylon), and evaluates possible changes of their performance at different infill densities. Results show that 3-D printed adaptors can be a valid alternative to those present on the market. At middle-low frequencies (10 Hz-400 Hz) their transmissibility values are inside the range ± 0.05. No significant differences were found between the transmissibility of those printed at 50% or 100% of infill, especially when the acceleration is Wh weighted. It has been also experimented a simple solution that aims to reduce possible misalignments of the adaptor when inserted inside the glove. Two external landmarks were designed in order to have a visual check of the position of the adaptor. The first, coming out from the glove through a little slit, was made for checking about the rotation on the Y-Z plane, while the second, parallel to the wrist, was made for checking rotation on the X-Z plane. The statistical analysis, among 30 measures performed by three operators holding the instrumented handle of a mono-axial shaker, supports the idea that the first landmark can help to achieve a better alignment of the adaptor, limiting its rotation along the Y-Z plane. Lesser evidence resulted on the reduction of the misalignment on the X-Z plane, due to the use of the second landmark. A possible reason is the small thickness of the ordinary leather glove used in the tests, which produces too little misalignments angles for being checked by the adaptor's landmark. Some further tests can be carried out using anti-vibration gloves, generally made of thicker and softer materials.

Efficacy of Antivibration Gloves When Used with Electric Hammers of about 10 kg for Chiseling Limestone Rocks

“…Possible misalignments of the accelerometer inside the glove are also known as relevant factors affecting the properties of the gloves when evaluated along the different axes, resulting often in underestimation of transmissibility up to or even in excess of 20% [26]. We tried to improve the reliability of the tests using a modified adaptor, with a protrusion along the longitudinal axis coming out through a little slit, made in the seam of the glove, between the thumb and index finger [22].…”

“…A 3-D printed modified hand-held adaptor was used for helping the subjects to maintain the accelerometer inside the glove in a fixed position during the trials. It was previously specifically designed and tested for measurements of the transmissibility of AV gloves [22]. Both the dimensions and the weight of the adaptor meet those reported in the standard ISO 10819:2013 [12], with a little variation (1.45 mm higher), since we needed to insert a 10 mm cube accelerometer (Larson & Davis three-axial SEN 040F (Larson & Davis, Provo, UT, USA), 5 g weight).…”

Effectiveness of Antivibration Gloves When Used with a Light Electric Hammer. Differences Among Different Methods of Measurements

“…The adaptor was previously specifically designed and tested for measurements of the transmissibility of AV gloves [21]. The dimensions and the weight of the adaptor followed the ISO 10819:2013 [7], with a little variation (1.45 mm higher), in order to contain a 10-mm cube accelerometer (Larson & Davis three-axial SEN 040F, weight: 5 g).…”