3 D Quantification of Vugs and Fractures Networks in Limestone Cores

Martinez-Angeles, Raymundo; Hernandez-Escobedo, L.; Perez-Rosales, Candelario

doi:10.2118/77780-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The fractures can be visually distinguished by the staining method. CT number is a function of the density of scanned shale specimens, which can directly reflect the morphology of pores and fractures inside shale specimens [22]. CT image post-processing involves parameter setting and other operations, all of which can be seen in Table 2.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Optimizing Shut-In Time: New Insights from Shale Long-Term Hydration Experiments

Zeng,

Dong,

Yao

et al. 2024

Processes

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In the process of hydraulic fracturing, fracturing fluid invades the formation and reacts with shale. Water-sensitive clay minerals swell when exposed to water. This results in a change in the mechanical properties of shale. However, the influences of a long-term water–shale reaction on mechanical properties are still unclear, and an optimization strategy of the shut-in time is required. In this paper, an optimization strategy for the shut-in time based on a shale long-term hydration experiment is proposed. In this paper, the water–shale reaction is simulated by laboratory experiments under normal temperature and pressure. The experiments are performed based on specimens from a shale outcrop. Clay and mineral composition, Young’s modulus, surface hardness, and tensile strength parameters are measured at 30-day intervals for 90 days. A CT scan was performed for 180 days. The experimental results show that the mass fraction of clay increased by 14.719%. In addition, significant argillaceous shedding occurs during the water–shale reaction period of 3–4 months. By testing the tensile strength, uniaxial compression decreases by 90.481% in three months. The Young’s modulus of mineral points decreases to 40% after reaction for three months. The shale has softened. The softening process is nonlinear and there are inflection points. The diffusion behavior of clay minerals and the expansion behavior of new fractures are observed by CT during 3–4 months of water–shale reaction. The results show that the shale softening and pore fracture structure changes are non-linear and heterogeneous, resulting in critical water–shale reaction time. According to the experimental results, the critical water–shale reaction time can be summarized. In this time, the fracture volume increases significantly, which is conducive to increasing oil and gas production. However, the fracture volume is not significantly increased by prolonging the shut-in time. The experimental results can guide the design of hydraulic fracturing shut-in time of shale reservoirs.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Optimizing Shut-In Time: New Insights from Shale Long-Term Hydration Experiments

Zeng,

Dong,

Yao

et al. 2024

Processes

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“…Research methods for the internal pore structure of rocks mainly include imaging experiments, ray experiments, and fluid-injection experiments. Lens experiments include cast thin sections, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIBSEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy mineral quantitative evaluation (Qemscan) [4][5][6]. The cast thin sections are used to observe and calculate the mineral composition and pore structure of two-dimensional slices of rock cores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D imaging and flow analysis of sandstone pore structure

Jian

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Micro CT technology can provide three-dimensional high-precision digital images with micrometer (or smaller) resolution, offering robust technical support for the study of the internal structure of rocks. Based on the data obtained from the CT scanning of Leopard sandstone, a series of image processes were carried out using the Avizo software to extract pore distribution. The watershed algorithm was employed to independently segment each pore, and the largest sphere algorithm was used to establish a sphere-tube model. Based on the constructed pore network model, quantitative analyses of the porosity, fractal dimensions, permeability, and other parameters of the sandstone sample were conducted. Moreover, the connectivity of the pores was analyzed using an automatic skeleton model. Results show: ① CT scanning digital core technology can not only visualize the three-dimensional connectivity and isolated pores of sandstone but also quantitatively characterize the pore structure parameters; ② The analyzed Leopard sandstone has a connected porosity of 13.76%, an isolated porosity of 0.53%, and the pore radius is mainly concentrated in the 0-70μm small pore range, occupying 76.1% of the total pore volume; ③ The lower the sample porosity, the higher the fractal dimension, indicating a more complex pore structure.

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Phenomenology and Contradictions in Carbonate Reservoirs

Galvis

2018

Springer Theses

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3 D Quantification of Vugs and Fractures Networks in Limestone Cores

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Strategies for Optimizing Shut-In Time: New Insights from Shale Long-Term Hydration Experiments

Strategies for Optimizing Shut-In Time: New Insights from Shale Long-Term Hydration Experiments

3D imaging and flow analysis of sandstone pore structure

Phenomenology and Contradictions in Carbonate Reservoirs

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