“…Considerable attention has therefore been given to developing NPs strategies to vanquish tumor growth ( Waltenberger, Mocan et al, 2016 ; Tintore, Vidal-Jordana et al, 2019 ). NPs are an important resource for exploring new anti-tumor drugs, which are rich in multi types of active ingredients ( Newman and Cragg, 2016 ), such as polysaccharides ( Chihara, Hamuro et al, 1970 ), flavonoids ( Lv, Lai et al, 2022 ), terpenes ( Zeng, Wang et al, 2018 ), and alkaloids ( Zhang, Qiang et al, 2019 ), which could kill or inhibit cancer cells, and are characterized by multi-target and link effects. As for alkaloids, those with antitumor effects include camptothecin (CPT) ( Chen, Wang et al, 2017 ), matrine ( Ye, Zou et al, 2018 ), vincristine ( Potier, 1989 ), harringtonine ( Jiang, Liu et al, 1983 ), and berberine (BR) ( Goto, Kariya et al, 2012 ), with a wide variety of anti-tumor activities and mechanisms.…”