3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Activity in the Endosperm of Maize vivipary Mutants

Moore, Kathryn B.; Oishi, Karen K.

doi:10.1104/pp.105.1.119

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results of this study showed that exogenous ABA decreases HMGR activity. Consistent with our results, it has reported that HMGR specific activity is inversely correlated with endogenous ABA level in maize endosperm during seed development and in avocado fruit growth (Moore and Oishi 1994;Cowan et al 1997). Also Moore and Oishi (1993) have shown that exogenous ABA inhibits cytosolic HMGR activity in maize roots.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of ABA on primary terpenoids and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa L. at flowering stage

Mansouri

Asrar

Szopa³

2009

Plant Growth Regul

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This work examined the effects of exogenously applied abscisic acid (ABA) on the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, a-tocopherol, squalene, phytosterols, D 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) activity in Cannabis sativa L. at flowering stage. Treatment with 1 and 10 mg l -1 ABA significantly decreased the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids, squalene, stigmasterol, sitosterol, and HMGR activity in female cannabis plants. ABA caused an increase in a-tocopherol content and DXS activity in leaves and THC concentration in leaves and flowers of female plants. Chlorophyll content decreased with 10 mg l -1 ABA in male plants. Treatment with 1 and 10 mg l -1 ABA showed a decrease in HMGR activity, squalene, stigmasterol, and sitosterol contents in leaves but an increase in THC content of leaves and flowers in male plants. The results suggest that ABA can induce biosynthesis of 2-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway secondary metabolites accumulation (a-tocopherol and THC) and down regulated biosynthesis of terpenoid primary metabolites from MEP and mevalonate (MVA) pathways (chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phytosterols) in Cannabis sativa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of ABA on primary terpenoids and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa L. at flowering stage

Mansouri

Asrar

Szopa³

2009

Plant Growth Regul

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“…In short, we propose that a decline in the CK:ABA ratio lessens sink strength of developing organs by influencing .HMGR and cell division cycle activity to reduce final fruit size. This hypothesis is supported by evidence that shows that ABA retards cell division cycle activity (Müller et al, 1994) and inhibits HMGR activity (Russell and Davidson, 1982;Moore and Oishi, 1994) in severa1 higher plant tissue systems.…”

supporting

confidence: 70%

“…It is well established that ABA increases permeability of lipid membranes (Stillwell and Hester, 1984;Bach, 1986;Stillwell et al, 1989;Purohit et al, 1992;Bürner et al, 1993) and that phytosterols inhibit these ABA-induced perturbations (Stillwell et al, 1990). ABA also appears to inhibit HMGR activity (Russell and Davidson, 1982;Moore and Oishi, 1994). In light of these observations it is tempting to suggest that stress-induced initiation of the ABA signal transduction pathway depresses HMGR activity, limiting synthesis of both CKs and phytosterols to reduce cell-division cycle activity in affected cv Hass fruits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar conclusions were reached in studies on the effect of endogenous ABA on HMGR activity during seed maturation. Viuipary mutants of maize, which are defective in ABA biosynthesis, and the Vpl mutant, which is defective in an ABA response element, all show enhanced HMGR activity relative to wild-type siblings (Moore and Oishi, 1994). Since the Vpl gene product is involved in ABA signal transduction during seed development, it was proposed that HMGR activity during seed maturation is regulated via a Vpl-dependent signal transduction pathway that is affected by reduced ABA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, surprisingly little information is available concerning regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants and plant parts, particularly developing fruit. Whereas controversy still surrounds the subcellular site of MVA metabolism (Campos and Boronat, 1995;Chappell, 1995aChappell, , 1995b, it is generally agreed that reduction of HMG-COA is potentially a major point of regulation of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants (Bach, 1987;Gray, 1987;Gondet et al, 1992;Moore and Oishi, 1994;Chappell et al, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Control of Avocado Fruit Growth (Isoprenoid Growth Regulators and the Reaction Catalyzed by 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase)

et al. 1997

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The effect of isoprenoid growth regulators on avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv Hass) fruit growth and mesocarp 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMCR) activity was investigated during the course of fruit ontogeny. Both normal and small-fruit phenotypes were used t o probe the interaction between the end products of isoprenoid biosynthesis and the activity of HMCR in the metabolic control of avocado fruit growth. Kinetic analysis of the changes in both cell number and size revealed that growth was limited by cell number in phenotypically small fruit. I n small fruit a 70% reduction i n microsomal HMCR activity was associated with an increased mesocarp abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. Application of mevastatin, a competitive inhibitor of HMCR, reduced the growth of normal fruit and increased mesocarp ABA concentration. These effects were reversed by co-treatment of fruit with mevalonic acid lactone, isopentenyladenine, or N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyI)-N-phenylurea, but were not significantly affected by either gibberellic acid or stigmasterol. However, stigmasterol appeared t o partially restore fruit growth when co-injected with mevastatin i n either phase II or III of fruit growth. I n vivo application of ABA reduced fruit growth and mesocarp HMCR activity and accelerated fruit abscission, effects that were reversed by co-treatment with isopen-tenyladenine. Together, these observations indicate that ABA accumulation down-regulates mesocarp HMCR activity and fruit growth, and that i n situ cytokinin biosynthesis modulates these effects during phase I of fruit ontogeny, whereas both cytokinins and sterols seem to perform this function during the later phases. HMGR catalyzes the irreversible conversion of HMG-COA to MVA, the committed step in isoprenoid biosynthe-sis in all eukaryotic organisms (Goldstein and Brown, 1990). For plant growth and development, synthesis of isoprenoids is fundamental because the pathway supplies compounds that are essential for full morphogenic expression. This class of compounds is of structural significance, e.g. carotenoids and the side chain of chlorophylls and plastoquinone for photosynthesis, the side chain of ubiqui-none for respiration, sterols for membrane structure, and phytoalexins for defense. The pathway also supplies sev

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Effects of abscisic acid on content and biosynthesis of terpenoids in Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage

Mansouri¹,

Asrar²

2011

Biol Plant

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The influence of abscisic acid (ABA) on plastidial and cytosolic terpenoids and on two key enzymes for terpenoid biosynthesis was determined in vegetative stage of Cannabis sativa L. Low concentration of ABA (1 µM) increased 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) activity in treated plants in comparison to control plants. The amounts of chlorophyll a and carotenoids increased in response to ABA treatment but chlorophyll b content declined. The accumulation of α-tocopherol was stimulated only by 10 µM ABA. The ABA-treated plants showed a decline in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) activity which was followed by a decrease in squalene and phytosterol content. ABA also decreased tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) contents. The essential oil had higher ratios of monoterpenes to sesquiterpenes as ABA-treated plants had less numbers of sesquiterpenes in comparison with control plants. Influence of ABA on the amounts of sesquiterpenes was different, some of them showed decrease of content and others increase of content.

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3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Activity in the Endosperm of Maize vivipary Mutants

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of ABA on primary terpenoids and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa L. at flowering stage

Effects of ABA on primary terpenoids and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa L. at flowering stage

Metabolic Control of Avocado Fruit Growth (Isoprenoid Growth Regulators and the Reaction Catalyzed by 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase)

Effects of abscisic acid on content and biosynthesis of terpenoids in Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage

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