3-NOP: ADME studies in rats and ruminating animals

Thiel, Anette; Rümbeli, Robert; Mair, Peter; Yeman, H.; Beilstein, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.002

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the other hand, increased milk fat could be expected as the proportion of butyrate, a further precursor of the de novo milk fat synthesis (Bauman and Griinari 2003), increased due to 3-NOP. Milk lactose concentration was significantly increased in 3-NOP groups and Thiel et al (2019) proved lactose to be the major metabolite of 3-NOP in the aqueous phase of the milk. 3-NOP is supposed to be metabolised to 3-hydroxypropionic acid which is further metabolised into propionyl-CoA (Thiel et al 2019), the main carbon source of gluconeogenesis (Aschenbach et al 2010).…”

Section: Animal Productivity and Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…3-NOP is supposed to be metabolised to 3-hydroxypropionic acid which is further metabolised into propionyl-CoA (Thiel et al 2019), the main carbon source of gluconeogenesis (Aschenbach et al 2010). The increased propionyl-CoA supply in conjunction with the shift to a more propionic-typed fermentation pathway could have increased substrate availability for the synthesis of glucose which in turn could have been directed to milk lactose synthesis (Thiel et al 2019).…”

Section: Animal Productivity and Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows

Schilde

Soosten

Hüther

et al. 2021

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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Section: Animal Productivity and Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Animal Productivity and Energy Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows

Schilde

Soosten

Hüther

et al. 2021

Archives of Animal Nutrition

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“…the nickel containing co-factor F430 of the reductase has to be in Ni(I) state for it to be active; Duin et al, 2016). The effective dose of 3-NOP is relatively low (1-2 g/day), has high specificity towards methanogens, is degraded in the rumen to very low concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and 1,3-propanediol, residues in milk and meat are minute or non-existent and the safety risks of 3-NOP are reportedly low (Thiel et al, 2019a and2019b), although it waits to be seen whether the compound is approved by the regulatory authorities. Thus, 3-NOP has tremendous potential for CH 4 mitigation if commercially available, but product cost and consumer acceptance will factor into the acceptance of such a compound.…”

Section: Rumen Fermentation and Microbiome Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Fifty years of research on rumen methanogenesis: lessons learned and future challenges for mitigation

Beauchemin

Ungerfeld

Eckard

et al. 2020

Animal

371

241

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Meat and milk from ruminants provide an important source of protein and other nutrients for human consumption. Although ruminants have a unique advantage of being able to consume forages and graze lands not suitable for arable cropping, 2% to 12% of the gross energy consumed is converted to enteric CH4 during ruminal digestion, which contributes approximately 6% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, ruminant producers need to find cost-effective ways to reduce emissions while meeting consumer demand for food. This paper provides a critical review of the substantial amount of ruminant CH4-related research published in past decades, highlighting hydrogen flow in the rumen, the microbiome associated with methanogenesis, current and future prospects for CH4 mitigation and insights into future challenges for science, governments, farmers and associated industries. Methane emission intensity, measured as emissions per unit of meat and milk, has continuously declined over the past decades due to improvements in production efficiency and animal performance, and this trend is expected to continue. However, continued decline in emission intensity will likely be insufficient to offset the rising emissions from increasing demand for animal protein. Thus, decreases in both emission intensity (g CH4/animal product) and absolute emissions (g CH4/day) are needed if the ruminant industries continue to grow. Providing producers with cost-effective options for decreasing CH4 emissions is therefore imperative, yet few cost-effective approaches are currently available. Future abatement may be achieved through animal genetics, vaccine development, early life programming, diet formulation, use of alternative hydrogen sinks, chemical inhibitors and fermentation modifiers. Individually, these strategies are expected to have moderate effects (<20% decrease), with the exception of the experimental inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol for which decreases in CH4 have consistently been greater (20% to 40% decrease). Therefore, it will be necessary to combine strategies to attain the sizable reduction in CH4 needed, but further research is required to determine whether combining anti-methanogenic strategies will have consistent additive effects. It is also not clear whether a decrease in CH4 production leads to consistent improved animal performance, information that will be necessary for adoption by producers. Major constraints for decreasing global enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants are continued expansion of the industry, the cost of mitigation, the difficulty of applying mitigation strategies to grazing ruminants, the inconsistent effects on animal performance and the paucity of information on animal health, reproduction, product quality, cost-benefit, safety and consumer acceptance.

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“…It is also noted that the most discriminant metabolites cannot be ascribed to the known metabolism of 3-nitrooxypropanol that is degraded mainly into CO 2 (Thiel et al, 2019a). Some 3-nitrooxypropanol metabolites can be incorporated into carbohydrates, but the amount of additive ingested was less than 1.2 g/cow per day, precluding a significant influence on the metabolome.…”

Section: Milk Metabolites As Potential Proxies Of Reduced Enteric Methane Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To circumvent the confounding effect of diet on milk metabolome, we used a single diet that only differed by the presence or not of 3-nitrooxypropanol to induce variation in methane emissions. This antimethanogenic compound was chosen as a model because it specifically inhibits the last step of the methanogenesis pathway and has minimal effect on animal metabolism (Duin et al, 2016;Thiel et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk metabolome reveals variations on enteric methane emissions from dairy cows fed a specific inhibitor of the methanogenesis pathway

Yanibada

Hohenester

Petera

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Metabolome profiling in biological fluids is an interesting approach for exploring markers of methane emissions in ruminants. In this study, a multiplatform metabolomics approach was used for investigating changes in milk metabolic profiles related to methanogenesis in dairy cows. For this purpose, 25 primiparous Holstein cows at similar lactation stage were fed the same diet supplemented with (treated, n = 12) or without (control, n = 13) a specific antimethanogenic additive that reduced enteric methane production by 23% with no changes in intake, milk production, and health status. The study lasted 6 wk, with sampling and measures performed in wk 5 and 6. Milk samples were analyzed using 4 complementary analytical methods, including 2 untargeted (nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer) and 2 targeted (liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector) approaches. After filtration, variable selection and normalization data from each analytical platform were then analyzed using multivariate orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. All 4 analytical methods were able to differentiate cows from treated and control groups. Overall, 38 discriminant metabolites were identified, which affected 10 metabolic pathways including methane metabolism. Some of these metabolites such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylsulfone, and citramalic acid, detected by nuclear magnetic resonance or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, originated from the rumen microbiota or had a microbial-host animal co-metabolism that could be associated with methanogenesis. Also, discriminant milk fatty acids detected by targeted gas chromatography were mostly of ruminal microbial origin. Other metabolites and metabolic pathways significantly affected were associated with AA metabolism. These findings provide new insight on the potential role of milk metabolites as indicators of enteric methane modifications in dairy cows.

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3-NOP: ADME studies in rats and ruminating animals

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows

Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows

Review: Fifty years of research on rumen methanogenesis: lessons learned and future challenges for mitigation

Milk metabolome reveals variations on enteric methane emissions from dairy cows fed a specific inhibitor of the methanogenesis pathway

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