30 Gbit/s transmission over 1 km of conventional multi-mode fiber using mode group multiplexing with OOK modulation and direct detection

4×10 Gbit/s bidirectional transmission over 2 km of conventional graded-index OM1 multimode fiber using mode group division multiplexing

“…Mode multiplexing and demultiplexing based on multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) [7,8] have already demonstrated their high mode selectivity for transmission over few-mode fibers [9,10]. Recently, we have shown that mode group multiplexing and demultiplexing based on MPLC enabled the transmission of 3 × 10 Gbit/s transmission over 1 km of OM2 fiber using three mode groups [11]. The same MPLC technique combined with four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) allowed to achieve 200 Gbit/s bidirectional transmission over 4.4 km of conventional OM2 fiber [12].…”

40 Gb/s Mode-Division Multiplexed DD-OFDM Transmission Over Standard Multi-Mode Fiber

“…This method shows the advantages of lower modal dispersion, simpler optical receiver, and lower cost compared with the multiplexing technologies used in short-reach optical interconnect in [10] and [11]. Meanwhile, the proposed method also has the ability to adopt the various advanced modulation formats used in short-reach optical interconnection [12], [13].…”

Mode Division Multiplexing Based on Ring Core Optical Fibers

“…Two major problems can be encountered in MGM schemes, namely mode partition noise (MPN) at the receiver and frequency selective fading resulting from intra-MG DMD [86]. MPN can be dealt with by simultaneously detecting all the intra-group modes [19,20], but the fading resulting from the intra-group DMD cannot be eliminated by schemes such as single-side band modulation [84,28] [40,[87][88][89]. In these experiments, simultaneous detection of all the intra-MG modes was realized using weighted composite phase masks to avoid the mode partition noise.…”

“…the metro, access, intra-or inter-data-center links, etc. ), weak coupling may be maintained between modes or mode groups (MGs) with differential effective refractive index (Δneff) of ~10 -4 -10 -3 [9], potentially enabling partial-MIMO or MIMO-free schemes that improve system capacity with MIMO complexity [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In [10][11][12], weakly-coupled FMF transmission incorporating partial-MIMO processing is proposed, in which low inter-mode or inter-MG coupling is ensured by increasing Δneff, so that only smaller MIMO blocks are required to handle the polarization diversity and mode degeneracy.…”

“…Mode group multiplexing (MGM) is another MIMO-free MDM transmission scheme, in which multiple (near-)degenerate modes within each MG of a GI-MMF are regarded as one data channel. By exploiting weak-coupling among different MGs, MIMO processing can be eliminated [17][18][19][20]. However, as the number of modes in each MG increases with the MG order, reception of high-order MGs will become more complicated, since all the intra-group modes need to be detected simultaneously at the receiver in the MGM scheme to avoid mode partition noise [19,20].…”