30 GHz Zeno-based Graphene Electro-optic Modulator

Phare, Christopher T.; Lee, Yoon-Ho Daniel; Cárdenas, Jaime; Lipson, Michal

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1411.2053

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In addition, because of the weak nonlinear optical response of these bulk semiconductor materials, high optical powers are required in nonlinear applications including optical pulse characterization, sampling, and signal processing [8][9][10] . Recently, the family of two-dimensional (2D) materials has emerged as an alternative optoelectronic platform with new functionalities 11,12 , including broadband ultrafast photodetection [13][14][15][16][17] , onchip electro-optic modulation [18][19][20][21] , light emission 22,23 , saturable absorption 24 , and parametric nonlinearities [25][26][27] . Moreover, distinct 2D materials can be assembled nearly defect-free into entirely new types of 2D heterostructures 28,29 , enabling optoelectronic properties and device concepts that were not feasible using bulk semiconductors.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Responsivity Graphene–Boron Nitride Photodetector and Autocorrelator in a Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit

et al. 2015

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Graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising materials for broadband and ultrafast photodetection and optical modulation. These optoelectronic capabilities can augment complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices for high-speed and low-power optical interconnects. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip ultrafast photodetector based on a two-dimensional heterostructure consisting of high-quality graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride. Coupled to the optical mode of a silicon waveguide, this 2D heterostructure-based photodetector exhibits a maximum responsivity of 0.36 A/W and high-speed operation with a 3 dB cutoff at 42 GHz. From photocurrent measurements as a function of the top-gate and source-drain voltages, we conclude that the photoresponse is consistent with hot electron mediated effects. At moderate peak powers above 50 mW, we observe a saturating photocurrent consistent with the mechanisms of electron-phonon supercollision cooling. This nonlinear photoresponse enables optical on-chip autocorrelation measurements with picosecond-scale timing resolution and exceptionally low peak powers.

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confidence: 99%

High-Responsivity Graphene–Boron Nitride Photodetector and Autocorrelator in a Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit

et al. 2015

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“…These devices are optimized for GHz bandwidths, with the goal of providing high speed, low power microchip interconnects, 14 with bandwidths up to 30 GHz possible. 22 Here, however, we are interested in the application of similar device physics to a very different problem: sensing extracellular neuronal voltages on the order of 100 µV at 1 kHz rates. Thus, our required switching rate is 1 millionfold slower, yet our required sensitivity is on the order of 1 millionfold better.…”

Section: Electro-optic Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexed neural recording along a single optical fiber via optical reflectometry

et al. 2016

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Abstract. We introduce the design and theoretical analysis of a fiber-optic architecture for neural recording without contrast agents, which transduces neural electrical signals into a multiplexed optical readout. Our sensor design is inspired by electro-optic modulators, which modulate the refractive index of a waveguide by applying a voltage across an electro-optic core material. We estimate that this design would allow recording of the activities of individual neurons located at points along a 10-cm length of optical fiber with 40-μm axial resolution and sensitivity down to 100 μV using commercially available optical reflectometers as readout devices. Neural recording sites detect a potential difference against a reference and apply this potential to a capacitor. The waveguide serves as one of the plates of the capacitor, so charge accumulation across the capacitor results in an optical effect. A key concept of the design is that the sensitivity can be improved by increasing the capacitance.To maximize the capacitance, we utilize a microscopic layer of material with high relative permittivity. If suitable materials can be found-possessing high capacitance per unit area as well as favorable properties with respect to toxicity, optical attenuation, ohmic junctions, and surface capacitance-then such sensing fibers could, in principle, be scaled down to few-micron cross-sections for minimally invasive neural interfacing. We study these material requirements and propose potential material choices. Custom-designed multimaterial optical fibers, probed using a reflectometric readout, may, therefore, provide a powerful platform for neural sensing.

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30 GHz Zeno-based Graphene Electro-optic Modulator

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

High-Responsivity Graphene–Boron Nitride Photodetector and Autocorrelator in a Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit

High-Responsivity Graphene–Boron Nitride Photodetector and Autocorrelator in a Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit

Multiplexed neural recording along a single optical fiber via optical reflectometry

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