30-year lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer state over Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia)

Zuev, V. S.; Burlakov, V. D.; Nevzorov, Aleksey V.; Pravdin, V. L.; Savelieva, Ekaterina S.; Gerasimov, V. V.

doi:10.5194/acp-17-3067-2017

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Figure a compares to a newly available lidar record from Tomsk, Siberia (Zuev et al, ). While the tropopause altitude is generally 11–13 km, the lidar backscatter was integrated between 15 and 30 km.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by lidars at three locations (black circles) are compared to calculated 5 day average AOD above the tropopause in corresponding model columns from our SDVOLC (red dots), FRVOLC (ensemble average, blue dots), and SCVOLC (orange dots) simulations. Observations are (a) integrated backscatter from 15–30 km measured in Tomsk, Siberia (Zuev et al, ), converted to AOD using a lidar ratio of 50; (b) AOD above the tropopause measured in Geestacht, Germany (Ansmann et al, ); and (c) AOD above the tropopause measured in Mauna Loa, Hawaii (Hofmann et al, ; Ridley et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radiative and Chemical Response to Interactive Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols in Fully Coupled CESM1(WACCM)

et al. 2017

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We present new insights into the evolution and interactions of stratospheric aerosol using an updated version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Improved horizontal resolution, dynamics, and chemistry now produce an internally generated quasi‐biennial oscillation and significant improvements to stratospheric temperatures and ozone compared to observations. We present a validation of WACCM column ozone and climate calculations against observations. The prognostic treatment of stratospheric sulfate aerosols accurately represents the evolution of stratospheric aerosol optical depth and perturbations to solar and longwave radiation following the June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo. We confirm the inclusion of interactive OH chemistry as an important factor in the formation and initial distribution of aerosol following large inputs of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to the stratosphere. We calculate that depletion of OH levels within the dense SO2 cloud in the first weeks following the Pinatubo eruption significantly prolonged the average initial e‐folding decay time for SO2 oxidation to 47 days. Previous observational and model studies showing a 30 day decay time have not accounted for the large (30–55%) losses of SO2 on ash and ice within 7–9 days posteruption and have not correctly accounted for OH depletion. We examine the variability of aerosol evolution in free‐running climate simulations due to meteorology, with comparison to simulations nudged with specified dynamics. We assess calculated impacts of volcanic aerosols on ozone loss with comparisons to observations. The completeness of the chemistry, dynamics, and aerosol microphysics in WACCM qualify it for studies of stratospheric sulfate aerosol geoengineering.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative and Chemical Response to Interactive Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols in Fully Coupled CESM1(WACCM)

et al. 2017

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“…Based upon satellite observations, showed that the decadal increase in stratospheric aerosol loadings since 2002 can be attributed to a series of moderate volcanic eruptions. As reported by Kremser et al (2016), this decadal trend was also obtained from lidar (Hofmann et al, 2009;Trickl et al, 2013;Zuev et al, 2017) and ground-based sun photometer observations (Ridley et al, 2014). Three moderate volcanic eruptions occurred in the 2002-2012 period are ranked in the top 10 of the most influential events on the stratospheric aerosol burden, including (1) the Kasatochi eruption (52.2 • N, 175.5 • W; Alaska) in 2008, which injected 1.5-2.5 Tg of SO 2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS; Kravitz et al, 2010;Krotkov et al, 2010), (2) the Sarychev eruption in June 2009 (48.1 • N, 153.2 • E; the Kuril Islands), which released 0.9 Tg of SO 2 into the UTLS (Clarisse et al, 2012;Kravitz et al, 2011;Jégou et al, 2013), and (3) the Nabro eruption (13.4 • N, 41.7 • E; Eritrea) in June 2011, which emitted 1.3 Tg of SO 2 into the UTLS Sawamura et al;.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption

et al. 2017

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Abstract. After 43 years of inactivity, the Calbuco volcano, which is located in the southern part of Chile, erupted on 22 April 2015. The space-time evolutions (distribution and transport) of its aerosol plume are investigated by combining satellite (CALIOP, IASI, OMPS), in situ aerosol counting (LOAC OPC) and lidar observations, and the MIMOSA advection model. The Calbuco aerosol plume reached the Indian Ocean 1 week after the eruption. Over the Reunion Island site (21 • S, 55.5 • E), the aerosol signal was unambiguously enhanced in comparison with "background" conditions, with a volcanic aerosol layer extending from 18 to 21 km during the May-July period. All the data reveal an increase by a factor of ∼ 2 in the SAOD (stratospheric aerosol optical depth) with respect to values observed before the eruption. The aerosol mass e-folding time is approximately 90 days, which is rather close to the value (∼ 80 days) reported for the Sarychev eruption. Microphysical measurements obtained before, during, and after the eruption reflecting the impact of the Calbuco eruption on the lower stratospheric aerosol content have been analyzed over the Reunion Island site. During the passage of the plume, the volcanic aerosol was characterized by an effective radius of 0.16 ± 0.02 µm with a unimodal size distribution for particles above 0.2 µm in diameter. Particle concentrations for sizes larger than 1 µm are too low to be properly detected by the LOAC OPC. The aerosol number concentration was ∼ 20 times higher that observed before and 1 year after the eruption. According to OMPS and lidar observations, a tendency toward conditions before the eruption was observed by April 2016. The volcanic aerosol plume is advected eastward in the Southern Hemisphere and its latitudinal extent is clearly bounded by the subtropical barrier and the polar vortex. The transient behavior of the aerosol layers observed above Reunion Island between May and July 2015 reflects an inhomogeneous spatio-temporal distribution of the plume, which is controlled by the localization of these dynamical barriers.

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“…This allows us to derive the particle backscatter coefficient (β p ) and the scattering ratio (SR, e.g. Zuev et al, 2017), which is the primary, ALC-derived parameter used in this work to quantify the aerosol load. It is defined as…”

Section: Study Region and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Po Valley aerosol pollution to the northwestern Alps – Part 2: Long-term impact on air quality

et al. 2019

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Abstract. This work evaluates the impact of trans-regional aerosol transport from the Po basin on particulate matter levels (PM10) and physico-chemical characteristics in the northwestern Alps. To this purpose, we exploited a multi-sensor, multi-platform database over a 3-year period (2015–2017) accompanied by a series of numerical simulations. The experimental setup included operational (24/7) vertically resolved aerosol profiles by an automated lidar ceilometer (ALC), vertically integrated aerosol properties by a Sun/sky photometer, and surface measurements of aerosol mass concentration, size distribution and chemical composition. This experimental set of observations was then complemented by modelling tools, including numerical weather prediction (NWP), trajectory statistical (TSM) and chemical transport (CTM) models, plus positive matrix factorisation (PMF) on both the PM10 chemical speciation analyses and particle size distributions. In a first companion study, we showed and discussed through detailed case studies the 4-D phenomenology of recurrent episodes of aerosol transport from the polluted Po basin to the northwestern Italian Alps. Here we draw more general and statistically significant conclusions on the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon, and on the quantitative impact of this regular, wind-driven, aerosol-rich “atmospheric tide” on PM10 air-quality levels in this alpine environment. Based on an original ALC-derived classification, we found that an advected aerosol layer is observed at the receptor site (Aosta) in 93 % of days characterized by easterly winds (i.e. from the Po basin) and that the longer the time spent by air masses over the Po plain the higher this probability. Frequency of these advected aerosol layers was found to be rather stable over the seasons with about 50 % of the days affected. Duration of these advection events ranges from few hours up to several days, while aerosol layer thickness ranges from 500 up to 4000 m. Our results confirm this phenomenon to be related to non-local emissions, to act at the regional scale and to largely impact both surface levels and column-integrated aerosol properties. In Aosta, PM10 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values increase respectively up to factors of 3.5 and 4 in dates under the Po Valley influence. Pollution transport events were also shown to modify the mean chemical composition and typical size of particles in the target region. In fact, increase in secondary species, and mainly nitrate- and sulfate-rich components, were found to be effective proxies of the advections, with the transported aerosol responsible for at least 25 % of the PM10 measured in the urban site of Aosta, and adding up to over 50 µg m−3 during specific episodes, thus exceeding alone the EU established daily limit. From a modelling point of view, our CTM simulations performed over a full year showed that the model is able to reproduce the phenomenon, but markedly underestimates its impact on PM10 levels. As a sensitivity test, we employed the ALC-derived identification of aerosol advections to re-weight the emissions from outside the boundaries of the regional domain in order to match the observed PM10 field. This simplified exercise indicated that an increase in such “external” emissions by a factor of 4 in the model is needed to halve the model PM10 maximum deviations and to significantly reduce the PM10 normalised mean bias forecasts error (from −35 % to 5 %).

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30-year lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer state over Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia)

Cited by 38 publications

References 52 publications

Radiative and Chemical Response to Interactive Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols in Fully Coupled CESM1(WACCM)

Radiative and Chemical Response to Interactive Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols in Fully Coupled CESM1(WACCM)

Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption

Transport of Po Valley aerosol pollution to the northwestern Alps – Part 2: Long-term impact on air quality

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