31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in alzheimer's and pick's disease

Chronic citicoline increases phosphodiesters in the brains of healthy older subjects: an in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

“…In vivo MRS provides a means to study the compounds involved in phospholipid metabolism. Altered phospholipid metabolism has been suggested in bipolar disorder (Deicken et al 1995), schizophrenia (Pettegrew et al 1991;Stanley et al 1994Stanley et al , 1995, substance abuse Kaufman et al 1996), Alzheimer's disease (Pettegrew et al 1988;Nitsch et al 1992;Smith et al 1993;Klunk et al 1996), and normal aging (Pettegrew et al 1990). A treatment that could reverse or prevent changes in phospholipid metabolism seen in these circumstances would be valuable.…”

Phospholipase A2 activation as a therapeutic approach for cognitive enhancement in early-stage Alzheimer disease

“…The findings in early AD are in accordance with in vitro studies suggesting that reduced PLA 2 activity may contribute to Aβ production (Emmerling et al 1993(Emmerling et al , 1996Nitsch et al 1997;Cho et al 2006); the findings in late AD are in line with the studies of Stephenson et al (1996Stephenson et al ( , 1999 and Moses et al (2006), showing a correlation between increased PLA 2 immunoreactivity and Aβ-containing plaques. Finally, in autopsy specimens of parietal lobe gray matter from subjects with severe AD, greater PDE was correlated with the density of neurofibrillary tangles (Smith et al 1993). Data described in this subtitle are summarized in Table 2.…”

Cholinergic and glutamatergic alterations beginning at the early stages of Alzheimer disease: participation of the phospholipase A2 enzyme

“…The findings in early AD are in accordance with in vitro studies suggesting that reduced PLA 2 activity may contribute to Aβ production (Emmerling et al 1993(Emmerling et al , 1996Nitsch et al 1997;Cho et al 2006); the findings in late AD are in line with the studies of Stephenson et al (1996Stephenson et al ( , 1999 and Moses et al (2006) showing a correlation between increased PLA 2 immunoreactivity and Aβ-containing plaques. Finally, in autopsy specimens of parietal lobe gray matter from subjects with severe AD, greater PDE was correlated with the density of neurofibrillary tangles (Smith et al 1993).…”