31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal and parietal lobes in chronic schizophrenia

Deicken, Raymond F.; Calabrese, Giovanna; Merrin, Edward L.; Meyerhoff, Dieter J.; Dillon, William P.; Weiner, Michael W.; Fein, George

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90613-0

Cited by 96 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Similar inconsistencies have also been reported in PDE concentrations in patient studies. An increase in PDE concentrations was observed in the prefrontal cortex of unmedicated and medicated patients (Pettegrew et al, 1989(Pettegrew et al, , 1991Deicken et al, 1994), and in the temporal region of medicated patients (Fujimoto et al, 1992). In contrast, no alteration in the concentration of PDE was reported in the parietal cortex of both medicated (Williamson et al, 1991;Bluml et al, 1999) and unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (Bluml et al, 1999), while a decrease in PDE concentrations were reported in the prefrontal region of medicated patients (Volz et al, 1997(Volz et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Schizophreniacontrasting

confidence: 51%

A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle) to psychiatric disorders—focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies

Kim

McGrath

Silverstone

2005

Human Psychopharmacology

119

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Myo-inositol is an important part of the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI-cycle). Abnormalities in nerve cell myo-inositol levels and/or PI-cycle regulation has been suggested as being involved in the pathophysiology and/or treatment of many psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders and schizophrenia. This review examines the metabolism and biochemical importance of myo-inositol and the PI-cycle. It relates this to the current in vivo evidence for myo-inositol and PI-cycle involvement in these psychiatric disorders, particularly focusing upon the magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in patient studies to date. From this review it is concluded that while the evidence suggests probable relevance to the pathophysiology and/or treatment of bipolar disorder, there is much less support for a significant role for the PI-cycle or myo-inositol in any other psychiatric disorder. More definitive investigation is required before PI-cycle dysfunction can be considered specific to bipolar disorder.

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Section: Schizophreniacontrasting

confidence: 51%

A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle) to psychiatric disorders—focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies

Kim

McGrath

Silverstone

2005

Human Psychopharmacology

119

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“…This suggests decreased synthesis and/or increased breakdown of membrane phospholipids in schizophrenic patients. These findings have subsequently been confirmed by others (Stanley et af., 1994), and there is also evidence that this index of increased phospholipid breakdown correlates with seventy of schizophrenic symptoms (Deicken et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenic patients

Mellor

Laugharne

Peet

1996

Human Psychopharmacology

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There is evidence that certain n3 and n6 essential fatty acids (EFAs) are depleted in cell membranes from red blood cells (RBC) and brains of patients suffering from schizophrenia. If these findings are of primary significance, then the possibility is raised of modifying schizophrenic symptomatology by dietary supplementation with fatty acids. We have carried out detailed analysis of dietary fatty acid intake of 20 schizophrenic patients. It was found that a greater intake of n3 fatty acids and particularly eicosapentenoic (EPA) in the normal diet, was associated with less severe schizophrenic symptoms and particularly less positive symptoms, as well as less tardive dyskinesia (TD). Furthermore, supplementation of the diet for 6 weeks with 10 g/day of concentrated fish oil (MaxEPA) resulted in significant amelioration of both schizophrenic symptoms and TD. Multiple regression analysis showed that improvement in schizophrenic symptoms was importantly related to the increased level of n3 fatty acids in RBC membranes.

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“…37 A similar finding of increased PCr mol% with medicated patients with schizophrenia was made in the parietal cortex 38 although another study showed no change. 35 Results in the temporal lobe have generally focused on imbalances in energetic compounds between the right and left hemispheres, with energetic compounds, PCr 36 and PCr/Pi and PCr/ -NTP, 34,36 generally found to be higher in the right hemisphere compared to the left. In a study of drug-naive firstepisode patients, however, higher left temporal PCr was observed when compared with a matched control sample, whereas no difference was observed in the right temporal region.…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Spectroscopy (³¹P MRS) of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders

Harper

Jensen

Renshaw

2016

eMagRes

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Some of the most important biological molecules responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, high-energy phosphates and phospholipids, are amenable to quantification using spectroscopy targeted at the phosphorus 31 isotope ( 31 P MRS). For example, the brain, while typically comprising 2% of the body's mass, uses 20% of its energy, and quantification of bioenergetic molecules can provide important information about cellular energy usage and storage. In addition, phospholipids, which form the basis of cellular membrane bilayers not only segregate organelles from the cellular environment and cells from the interstitial environment but are also critical in providing important second messenger signaling. The activity of these phosphorus compounds has been demonstrated to be altered in psychiatric disorders. Cellular energy utilization is demonstrably altered in mood disorders, and phospholipid metabolism is different in patients with schizophrenia when compared to normal control populations. There are challenges and complexities associated with implementing 31 P MRS, and difficulties with detection efficiency, spatial localization, and spectral quantification present challenges to the study of psychiatric disorders. Much work remains to be done in interpreting the observed bioenergetic and cell membrane changes in disease states, but continued progress in methodology and experimental design should allow for a deeper understanding of the relationship between alterations in phosphorus compounds and psychiatric disorders.

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31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal and parietal lobes in chronic schizophrenia

Cited by 96 publications

References 27 publications

A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle) to psychiatric disorders—focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies

A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle) to psychiatric disorders—focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies

Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenic patients

Phosphorus Spectroscopy (³¹P MRS) of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders

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31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal and parietal lobes in chronic schizophrenia

Cited by 96 publications

References 27 publications

A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle) to psychiatric disorders—focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies

A review of the possible relevance of inositol and the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (PI‐cycle) to psychiatric disorders—focus on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies

Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenic patients

Phosphorus Spectroscopy (31P MRS) of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders

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Phosphorus Spectroscopy (³¹P MRS) of the Brain in Psychiatric Disorders