32 phase×32 amplitude optical arbitrary waveform generation

Fontaine, Nicolas K.; Scott, Ryan P.; Cao, Jianjing; Karalar, Aytug; Jiang, Wei; Okamoto, K.; Kolner, B.H.; Yoo, SeokJae

doi:10.1364/ol.32.000865

Cited by 89 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…under larger injection currents, can be achieved. Suppression of the phase noise, and more specifically of the mode partition noise, is essential for applications where the MLLD is used as a multi-wavelength source [29] or arbitrary waveform generator [3], since this noise translates directly to noise on the signal. For applications like biomedical imaging by non- linear microscopy [6] stable pulse-to-pulse peak power and pulse energy are required and the phase noise of the total output should be considered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…optical time-domain multiplexed and wavelength-division multiplexed systems [1]. Current interest in these MLLDs lies in utilizing the coherent bandwidth that these lasers generate in combination with mature optical fiber-based technology in advanced optical (telecommunication) systems, such as optical code-division multiple-access systems [2], arbitrary waveform generation [3], clock distribution and as multi-wavelength sources for silicon-based integrated optics [4,5]. Moreover these MLLDs have found their way to other fields of research, such as biophotonics, since these wavelengths can have a larger penetration depth into human tissue [6], and frequency comb generation [7], e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of hybrid mode-locking of two-section quantum dot lasers operating at 15 μm

Heck¹,

Salumbides²,

Renault³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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Abstract:For the first time a detailed study of hybrid mode-locking in twosection InAs/InP quantum dot Fabry-Pérot-type lasers is presented. The output pulses have a typical upchirp of approximately 8 ps/nm, leading to very elongated pulses. The mechanism leading to this typical pulse shape and the phase noise is investigated by detailed radio-frequency and optical spectral studies as well as time-domain studies. The pulse shaping mechanism in these lasers is found to be fundamentally different than the mechanism observed in conventional mode-locked laser diodes, based on quantum well gain or bulk material. ©2009 Optical Society of America

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of hybrid mode-locking of two-section quantum dot lasers operating at 15 μm

Heck¹,

Salumbides²,

Renault³

et al. 2009

Opt. Express

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show abstract

“…The comb spacing and the bandwidth can be varied by the frequency and the power of an rf signal driving the MZM, respectively. This comb generator has been applied to arbitrary waveform generation 6 , and a widely spaced comb generation (40 GHz or more) have been demonstrated by employing this configuration 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband optical comb generation using Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator with feedback loop

Morohashi

Sakamoto

Sotobayashi

et al. 2010

36th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication

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“…The out-of-phase regime may be realized with a single-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator.Optical frequency comb generators (OFCG) are useful for multi-wavelength sources for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), optical arbitrary waveform generation, and spectroscopy due to their ability to generate a large number of precisely spaced spectral lines [1][2][3]. An ideal OFCG can create a broad and amplitude flattened comb with independently controlled center frequency and comb spacing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator based optical frequency comb generator in two regimes

Fontaine

Scott

Yoo

et al. 2008

LEOS 2008 - 21st Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

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Amplitude and phase characterization of the output from a dual-electrode LiNbO 3 Mach-Zehnder modulator based ultra-flat optical frequency comb generator is investigated for well-known "in-phase" operation and a new "out-of-phase" regime. The out-of-phase regime may be realized with a single-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator.Optical frequency comb generators (OFCG) are useful for multi-wavelength sources for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), optical arbitrary waveform generation, and spectroscopy due to their ability to generate a large number of precisely spaced spectral lines [1][2][3]. An ideal OFCG can create a broad and amplitude flattened comb with independently controlled center frequency and comb spacing. Modelocked lasers can be used as ultra-broadband OFCGs, but adjustment of the comb spacing and center frequency is often complex and difficult to control. However, OFCGs based on strong electro-optic (EO) modulation by a RF carrier on a continuous wave (CW) laser can produce a flat optical frequency comb (OFC) with independent adjustment of center wavelength and comb spacing [4], much like an ideal OFCG. These combs are simple to operate and easy to adjust. Typically, it is assumed that both phase modulation (PM) and amplitude modulation (AM) are required to generate a broadband and flat OFC [5]. Fig. 1(a) shows a schematic of a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator (DE-MZM) based OFCG capable of generating an ultra-flat OFC. Using only PM, under the "in-phase" operation mode the DE-MZM OFCG can generate a broad and flat OFC that appears as if it were created using both AM and PM [e.g., Fig. 1(g)]. There is a recently discovered regime of operation, "out-of-phase" which produces an identical spectral intensity (i.e., a broad and flat OFC)[6]. This mode can potentially be implemented using an x-cut, single-electrode, push-pull LiNbO 3 MZM with a single RF drive and unique electrode geometry [ Fig. 1(b)]. Description and characterization of the OFCG under the two primary modes of operation is the focus of this summary. Intensity (au)Intensity (au) Phase ( rad/div) Intensity (au)Phase (2 rad/div) Phase (2 rad/div) Intensity (au) Intensity (au)Phase (2 rad/div) Phase (2 rad/div) Intensity (au) Phase ( rad/div) "in-phase" "out-of-phase" Fig. 1. (a) Dual-electrode LN MZM OFCG operating at 10 GHz. (b) Single-electrode, push-pull LN MZM with asymmetrical electrode structure for "out-of-phase" operation. (c−f) Operation modes of DE-MZM OFCG. Low-drive biasing simulated output of DE-MZM OFCG (g,j) time-domain intensity (solid) and phase (dashed) and (h,k) spectral intensity (stems) and phase (dots) for peak-aligned (g,h) "in-phase" and (h,k) "out-of-phase" operation. Large drive biasing simulated output (i,l) spectral intensity (stems) and phase (dots) for peak-aligned (i) "in-phase" and (l) "out-of-phase" operation (βb = βa−π/2 for all cases). Note the spectral intensities are depicted on a linear scale.Referring back to Fig. 1(a), RF is applied to the traveling wave EO phase modulators in each arm of the MZ...

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32 phase×32 amplitude optical arbitrary waveform generation

Cited by 89 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of hybrid mode-locking of two-section quantum dot lasers operating at 15 μm

Analysis of hybrid mode-locking of two-section quantum dot lasers operating at 15 μm

Broadband optical comb generation using Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator with feedback loop

Characterization of dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator based optical frequency comb generator in two regimes

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