[32] Separation and quantitation of carotenoids in foods

Khachik, Frederick; Beecher, Gary R.; Goli, Mudlagiri B.; Lusby, William R.

doi:10.1016/0076-6879(92)13136-l

Cited by 100 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The quantification was based on an external standard method developed by Heinonen et al (1989) and Khachik et al (1992). The lower detection limit was defined as a peak with a height three times over mean baseline threshold (Stahl et al 1993).…”

Section: Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

Cardinault¹,

Lyan²,

Doreau³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 1057Á1064. Due to the limited interest in carotenoids in ruminant diets until recently, analyses of forages are often incomplete, focusing mainly on b-carotene and lutein. Carotenoid composition of green forage from middle mountain meadow was analyzed by HPLC after extraction and elimination of chlorophylls by mild saponification. This method of analysis uses two C 18 columns in series with a quaternary gradient system. Our method allowed, for the first time, the identification and quantification of several xanthophylls other than lutein (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, epilutein) in chlorophyll-free extracts from carotenoidrich forage. The intra-day (3.5Á7.5%) and inter-day (1.2Á3.5%) coefficients of variation are suitable for routine determination of carotenoids in green forage. This method could also be used in metabolic studies of these micronutrients in ruminants.Key words: Xanthophylls, carotenoids, fresh forage, HPLC Cardinault, N., Lyan, B., Doreau, M., Chauveau, B., Rock, E. et Grolier, P. 2008. De´veloppement d'une me´thode afin de de´terminer la composition en carote´noı¨des de fourrages frais. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 1057Á1064. En raison de l'inte´reˆt limitej usqu'a`maintenant pour les carote´noı¨des dans les re´gimes des ruminants, les analyses sont souvent incomple`tes et se focalisant principalement sur le b-carote`ne et la lute´ine. La composition en carote´noı¨des d'un fourrage vert d'une prairie de moyenne montagne a e´te´analyse´e par CLHP apre`s extraction et e´limination des chlorophylles par une saponification mode´re´e. Cette me´thode d'analyse utilise deux colonnes C18 en se´rie avec un syste`me de gradient quaternaire. Notre me´thode a permis pour la premie`re fois d'identifier et de quantifier plusieurs autres xanthophylles (violaxanthine, antheraxanthine, epiluteine) que la luteine dans un extrait de fourrage riche en carote´noı¨des de´pourvu de chlorophylles Les coefficients de variations intra-jour (3,5%-7,5%) et inter-jour (1,2%-3,5%) sont adapte´s pour une analyse courante des carote´noı¨des dans les fourrages verts. Cette me´thode pourrait aussi eˆtre utilise´e dans des e´tudes me´taboliques sur ces micronutriments chez les ruminants.

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Section: Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

Cardinault¹,

Lyan²,

Doreau³

et al. 2008

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Phytoene (PHY), ζ-carotene (ZET), lycopene (LIC), β-carotene (BET) and α-carotene (ALP) were extracted as described by Simon and Wolff (1987) and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using system B as described by Khachik et al (1992) with detection provided by a Waters 996 Photodiode Array Detector (Waters Associates, Milford, MA, USA). Leaf length (LL), root length (RL), root weight (RW), top and middle root diameter (TRD and MRD, respectively) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were obtained as described by Stommel and Simon (1989), Rubatzky et al (1999) and Simon (2000).…”

Section: Plant Materials and Character Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path analysis suggests phytoene accumulation is the key step limiting the carotenoid pathway in white carrot roots

2005

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Two F 2 carrot (Daucus carota L.) populations (orange rooted Brasilia x very dark orange rooted High Carotene Mass -HCM cross and the dark orange rooted cultivated variety B493 x white rooted wild carrot Queen Anne's Lace -QAL cross) with very unrelated genetic backgrounds were used to investigate intrinsic factors limiting carotenoid accumulation in carrots by applying phenotypic correlation and path analysis to study the relationships between major root carotenes, root color and several other morphological traits. Most of the correlations between traits were close and agreed in sign between the two populations. Root weight had a moderate to highly significant positive correlation with leaf length, root length and top and middle root diameter. Although phenotypic correlations failed to identify the order of the substrates and products in the carotenoid pathway the correct order of substrates and products (phytoene → zeta-carotene → lycopene) was identified in the causal diagram of beta-carotene for the Brasilia x HCM population. Path analysis of beta-carotene synthesis in the B493 x QAL population suggested that selection for root carotenes had little effect on plant morphological traits. Causal model of beta-carotene and lycopene in the B493 x QAL population suggested that phytoene synthesis is the key step limiting the carotenoid pathway in white carrots. Path analysis, first presented by Sewall Wright to study quantitative traits, appears to be a powerful statistical approach for the identification of key compounds in complex pathways. IntroductionVitamin A deficiency is not only widespread in developing countries but is also is found in developed countries in poor urban populations and among the elderly, heavy drinkers and smokers (Giuliano et al. 2000). Consumption of horticultural crops provides more than 70% of vitamin A for the world population (Simpson, 1983), with carrots accounting for 30% of the total vitamin A precursor in countries such as the United States of America (Simon, 1992).The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway is a well established biochemical pathway which has been studied in many plants (Cunningham and Gantt, 1998;Sandmann, 1998), fungi and microorganisms (Sandmann, 1998;Armstrong, 1994). The formation of the colorless carotene phytoene from two molecules of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is the first committed step in the carotenoid pathway. Phytoene undergoes a series of four desaturation reactions that result in the sequential formation of phytofluene, zeta-carotene (ζ-carotene), neurosporene and then the redcolored lycopene. A single gene product, lycopene betacyclase (β-cyclase) (LCYB), catalyzes the formation of the bicyclic β-carotene (with two β rings) from the linear symmetrical lycopene in plants and cyanobacteria (Cunningham and Gantt, 1998) as demonstrated in studies with Erwinia herbicola and tomatoes (Sandmann, 1998). In the case of alpha-carotene (α-carotene), with one β and one epsilon (ε) ring, two different enzymes, LCYB...

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“…The data on the relationship of blood levels of these carotenoids with human disease are not conclusive because of different study designs and methodologies, including different laboratory methodologies 8 -11 . At least 40 different carotenoids are present in food 12 and more than 10 of them have been identified in blood 13 -15 . However, little is known about the population levels of these compounds and, to our knowledge, only one published study has compared serum carotenoid levels between European regions 16 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Al-Delaimy

Kappel²,

Ferrari

et al. 2004

Public Health Nutr.

101

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Background: In addition to their possible direct biological effects, plasma carotenoids can be used as biochemical markers of fruit and vegetable consumption for identifying diet -disease associations in epidemiological studies. Few studies have compared levels of these carotenoids between countries in Europe. Objective: Our aim was to assess the variability of plasma carotenoid levels within the cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: Plasma levels of six carotenoids -a-carotene, b-carotene, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin -were measured cross-sectionally in 3043 study subjects from 16 regions in nine European countries. We investigated the relative influence of gender, season, age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake and smoking status on plasma levels of the carotenoids.

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[32] Separation and quantitation of carotenoids in foods

Cited by 100 publications

References 14 publications

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

Path analysis suggests phytoene accumulation is the key step limiting the carotenoid pathway in white carrot roots

Plasma levels of six carotenoids in nine European countries: report from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

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