335-W World-Record p-Type Monocrystalline Module With 20.6% Efficient PERC Solar Cells

Zhang, Shu; Pan, Xiujuan; Jiao, Haijun; Deng, Weiwei; Xu, Jiao; Chen, Yifeng; Altermatt, Pietro P.; Zhu, Feng; Verlinden, Pierre J.

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2015.2498039

Cited by 41 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…b, FF vs. Voc for the cell types in a for which data is available. [15][16][17][18][19]21,35,69,71,81,127,128,130,[148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157]160,161,163,164,[169][170][171][172][173][175][176][177][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184] For reference the Voc for the optimum c-Si cell efficiency is represented in the vertical hatched line, 4 In practice, Fermi level pinning dampens this effect, often resulting in the depletion of charge carriers from the surface (c). To improve the selectivity of these contacts, either the width (W) of the barrier (ΦB) has to be narrowed to allow for tunneling process to occur (purple arrow), as in the heavy doping approach (d), or the Fermi level has to be 'de-pinned' (by applying a passivating interlayer, represented in white in e), such that the semiconductor's surface...…”

Section: Comparison Of Contacting Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells

et al. 2019

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The global photovoltaic (PV) market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) based technologies with heavily doped, directly metallised contacts. Recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes at the contact regions is increasingly constraining the power conversion efficiencies of these devices as other performance-limiting energy losses are overcome. To move forward, c-Si PV technologies must implement alternative contacting approaches. Passivating contacts, which incorporate thin films within the contact structure that simultaneously supress recombination and promote charge carrier selectivity, are a promising next step for the mainstream c-Si PV industry. In this work we review the fundamental physical processes governing contact formation in c-Si. In doing so we identify the role passivating contacts play in increasing c-Si solar cell efficiencies beyond the limitations imposed by heavy doping and direct metallisation. Strategies towards the implementation of passivating contacts in industrial environments are discussed.

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Section: Comparison Of Contacting Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells

et al. 2019

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“…The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 22% within a few years of its advent 5 , which is comparable to those of polycrystalline Si solar cells (21.9%) 6 , CdTe solar cells (22.1%) 7 , and CIGS solar cells (22.6%) 8 . Through recent studies of PSCs, the composition of organometal halide perovskites is recognised as one of the key factors in the improvement of the PCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells made of potassium-doped organometal halide perovskite

Tang

Bessho

Awai

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

250

193

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Potassium-doped organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) of more than 20% power conversion efficiency (PCE) without I-V hysteresis were constructed. The crystal lattice of the organometal halide perovskite was expanded with increasing of the potassium ratio, where both absorption and photoluminescence spectra shifted to the longer wavelength, suggesting that the optical band gap decreased. In the case of the perovskite with the 5% K+, the conduction band minimum (CBM) became similar to the CBM level of the TiO2-Li. In this situation, the electron transfer barrier at the interface between TiO2-Li and the perovskite was minimised. In fact, the transient current rise at the maximum power voltages of PSCs with 5% K+ was faster than that without K+. It is concluded that stagnation-less carrier transportation could minimise the I-V hysteresis of PSCs.

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“…[2] This makes PSCs functionally comparable to CdTe and/or polycrystalline silicon based solar cells. [3][4][5] The remarkable rise in efficiency is attributed to their superb photophysical properties (e.g., direct bandgap ≈1.6 eV, large absorption coefficient, long diffusion lengths, and high charge carrier mobility) and easy solution processability. [6][7][8] The rapid development also extends the application of The field of halide metal perovskite photovoltaics has caught widespread interest in the last decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

Igbari

Wang

Liao

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

397

305

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Although impressive performance has been obtained, PSCs are still far from commercial or real-life availability due to serious issues such as toxicity [15,16] and poor stability to heat, [17] oxygen, [18] moisture, [19,20] electric field, [21] and light. [18,22] The toxic nature of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites has been traced to the presence of Pb in its chemical composition. [15,16,[23][24][25] Pb 2+ readily dissolves in water (e.g., rain water) to form a toxic solution capable of causing serious environmental pollution, harmful to human beings and the ecosystem. Besides their sensitivity to moisture, oxygen, light, electric field, or thermal stress, an existing self-degradation pathway [26,27] is also a big issue in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites. Mixed-halide and mixed-cation perovskites have been investigated to address these issues. [28][29][30][31][32] The group IV elements, tin (Sn) [23,[33][34][35] and germanium (Ge), [34,36] have been employed as the replacements for Pb. However, the device performance through this approach has fallen short of the Pb-based ones. For example, the PCEs reported for Sn-based perovskite solar cells are usually less than 10%. [23,[33][34][35][37][38][39][40] In addition, the easy oxidation of Sn and Ge from the +2 state to the +4 state due to their high energy 5s and 4s orbitals makes them less promising for application in stable and long-term PSCs. [41] High throughput calculations also demonstrate that these substitutions are likely to compromise the ideal optoelectronic properties of MAPbI 3 . [42,43] Furthermore, low dimensional (e.g., 2D, 1D, and 0D) perovskites have also been used to address the stability issues in PSCs. [44][45][46][47][48] Recently, a stabilized PCE of 21.7% resulting from a 2D/3D bilayer PSC was reported. [49] However, the highest certified PCE in a 2D-only planar PSC is 15.3%, [50] which is far below that of their 3D perovskite-based counterparts. It thus stimulates the interest to develop new classes of materials which can solve the issues of toxicity and stability while still maintaining the fascinating properties of lead-based perovskite materials.Recent theoretical calculations demonstrate that a halide double perovskite structure, A 2 B′B″X 6 , which could be formed through a replacement of two toxic Pb 2+ in the crystal lattice with a pair of nontoxic heterovalent (i.e., monovalent and trivalent) metal cations, is a promising alternative to realize high-performance, lead-free, and stable PSCs. [51,52] Although, spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) calculations revealed an efficiency limit less than 8% for the most prominent member www.advancedsciencenews.com double perovskites with a vacancy ordered structure. [88] In particular, the unit cell axis of Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 is given to be ≈11.25 Å, [25] which is two times larger than that of MAPbBr 3 (≈5.92 Å). [89] Both Ag + and Bi 3+ occupy the B-site of the crystal lattice with slightly varied metal-halide bond lengths. The dissimilar bond lengths st...

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335-W World-Record p-Type Monocrystalline Module With 20.6% Efficient PERC Solar Cells

Cited by 41 publications

References 5 publications

Passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells

Passivating contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells

Hysteresis-free perovskite solar cells made of potassium-doped organometal halide perovskite

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskites

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