Background
There is a need for improved tools to detect high grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE). In previous work, we demonstrated that a 3-tier classifier predicted risk of incident progression in BE. Our aim was to determine if this risk classifier could detect a field effect in non-dysplastic (ND), indefinite for dysplasia (IND) or low-grade dysplasia (LGD) biopsies from BE patients with prevalent HGD/EAC.
Methods
We performed a multi-institutional case-control study to evaluate a previously developed risk classifier that is based upon quantitative image features derived from 9 biomarkers and morphology, and predicts risk for HGD/EAC in BE patients. The risk classifier was evaluated in ND, IND and LGD biopsies from BE patients diagnosed with HGD/EAC on repeat endoscopy (prevalent cases, n=30, median time to HGD/EAC diagnosis 140.5 days) and non-progressors (controls, n=145, median HGD/EAC-free surveillance time 2,015 days).
Results
The risk classifier stratified prevalent cases and non-progressor patients into low-, intermediate- and high-risk classes (odds ratio, 46.0; 95% confidence interval, 14.86–169 (high-risk vs low-risk); p<0.0001). The classifier also provided independent prognostic information that outperformed the subspecialist and generalist diagnosis.
Conclusion
A tissue systems pathology test better predicts prevalent HGD/EAC in BE patients than pathologic variables. The results indicate that molecular and cellular changes associated with malignant transformation in BE may be detectable as a field effect using the test.
Impact
A tissue systems pathology test may provide an objective method to facilitate earlier identification of BE patients requiring therapeutic intervention.