35 Years of TFAM Research: Old Protein, New Puzzles

Abstract

Transcription Factor A Mitochondrial (TFAM), through its contributions to mtDNA maintenance and expression, is essential for cellular bioenergetics and, therefore, for the very survival of cells. Thirty-five years of research on TFAM structure and function generated a considerable body of experimental evidence, some of which remains to be fully reconciled. Recent advancements allowed an unprecedented glimpse into the structure of TFAM complexed with promoter DNA and TFAM within the open promoter complexes. These novel insights, however, raise new questions about the function of this remarkable protein. In our review, we compile the available literature on TFAM structure and function and provide some critical analysis of the available data.

Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number Drives the Penetrance of Acute Intermittent Porphyria

“…The expression and function of mtDNA are strictly coordinated with the nuclear genome. Human mtDNA is maternally inherited and encodes 13 essential components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain used for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and ATP production [ 40 ]. Mitochondria are vital organelles in all nucleated cells, involved in various biochemical processes related to cellular respiration, metabolism, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation, and motility [ 41 ].…”