“…Further, discrepancies between self-ratings and others' ratings motivate them to make behavioural adjustments for self-development provided they have a self-efficacy for development and this in turn may lead to improved performance (Brutus, Fleenor, and London 1998). Moreover, managers can use this information from others' ratings for goal-setting, and performance is likely to improve with systematic planning and organizational support (London and Smither 1995), though one must design and implement it carefully (Atwater, Brett, and Charles 2007;Tosti and Addison 2009), and also look at it from a gender perspective (Ely, Ibarra, and Kolb 2011). Recent literature (e.g.…”