“…Surprisingly, BC-mqmsPCR detected 15 out of 17 stage 0 BC cases (88.2%) that were mainly characterized by carcinoma in situ, while only one case was identified by CEA (1/17, 5.9%), and none were detected by CA153 (0%) or CA125 (0%). Because the traditional tumor markers CEA, CA153, and CA125 may only be used in patients with advanced BC, they are not helpful for screening or diagnosis of early BC 41,42 . For example, CA153 concentrations are increased in 10% of patients with stage I disease, 20% with stage II disease, 40% with stage III disease, and 75% with stage IV disease 43,44 , so ER status, PR status, HER2 status, and Ki67 levels (one-Way ANOVA test, two-sided, Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons).…”