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Abstract

The maintenance of growth of malignant tumors is closely related with the development of the vascular network supplying the tumor with blood. The vascularization of tumor tissue is similar to physiological angiogenesis, but in tumors it has some specific features. During the last 25 years a vast number of biomolecules have been found and described which are involved in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. This review considers the action mechanisms and specific features of expression of the main angiogenic growth factors, such as the vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins (Ang-1, Ang-2), and the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The roles of cytokines, growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, and cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of the key steps of blood vessel generation in the tumor are considered. The significance of angiogenesis in the treatment of oncological diseases and possible approaches for inhibition of the regulatory signals of angiogenic factors are discussed.

Angiogenesis in Ischemic Stroke and Angiogenic Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine

“…These processes are mediated by angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), an inhibitor of Tie 2 signalling, and MMP [ 26 ]. Once the sprouting path is established, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells occur which is regulated via VEGF signalling and new blood vessels are stabilised by angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) via activation of the Tie 2 receptor [ 27 ].…”

Hypoxia Regulates Cross-talk between Syk and Lck Leading to Breast Cancer Progression and Angiogenesis

“…To date, VEGF is considered as the key factor that guided and regulated tumor angiogenesis (42). Tumor cell-derived VEGF binds to its specific receptors and regulates tumor progression through neovascularization via autocrine and paracrine pathways (43,44).…”

Neurorestorative Therapy for Stroke

“…The initial vascular plexus during angiogenesis forms mature vessels via branching, pruning, sprouting, as well as the promotion of differential growth of endothelial cells, and the recruitment of supporting cells, such as pericytes and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (Folkman and D’Amore, 1996; Risau, 1997). Angiogenesis and vascular maturation are regulated by many factors, such as, Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1)/Tie2 system (Patan, 2004), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (Greenberg, 1998; Lutsenko et al, 2003; Matsui and Tabata, 2012). To determine the optimal window for the initiation of angiogenic therapies, a rigorous timetable of angiogenic event steps must be drawn.…”

“…Once new blood vessel networks are formed, Ang1, which activates Tie2 receptors, helps to stabilize networks initiated by VEGF. The angiogenic process is tightly regulated by growth factors and the up-regulation of specific growth factors that dictate event progression (Greenberg, 1998; Lutsenko et al, 2003). …”