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Park, Jong-IL; Shim, Jooyong; Do, Jeung-Wan; Kim, Soon-Yeol; Seo, Eun-Kyung; Kwon, Hyuk‐Jun; Lee, Tae-Kyun; Kim, June-Ki; Choi, Dal-Young; Kim, Cheorl-Ho

doi:10.1023/a:1007084506071

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…23 HHT exerts prominent effect in improving immune function in animal models and patients with immune dysfunction by activating various immune cell types, including macrophages and NK cells, which regulate the expression of immune-related cytokines. 24,25 HHT comprises four herbal medicines: Rhizoma coptidis, Radix scutellariae, Cortex phellodendri, and Fructus gardenia. 26 The active ingredients of HHT consist of total alkaloids, total flavonoids, and total iridoid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune-Enhancing Properties of Hwanglyeonhaedok-Tang-Mediated Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Splenocytes

Mi¹,

Xu²,

Choi³

et al. 2022

IJN

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Background: Despite great advances in the field of immunotherapy, there is still a need for novel and effective immunostimulants to overcome challenges, such as instability and autoinflammatory toxicity, associated with conventional immunostimulants. Nanotechnology provides the possibility to overcome these challenges. The well-known classical Chinese formula, Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang (HHT) has been widely used to treat immune-related diseases in clinical practice. Methods: We developed novel gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) utilizing one-pot synthesis with the herbal formula-HHT. The optimal conditions for HHT-AuNP biosynthesis were established, and physicochemical properties of the optimized HHT-AuNPs were identified using various spectrometric and microscopic techniques. Bio-TEM analysis revealed that HHT-AuNPs were highly engulfed within RAW264.7 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. The effect of HHT-AuNPs on immunostimulatory activity was evaluated in innate and adaptive immune cells (RAW264.7 macrophages and ICR mice splenocytes) using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and ELISA. Results:The HHT-AuNPs remarkably increased the nitric oxide (NO) and immune-related cytokines production by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, HHT-AuNPs exerted immunostimulatory effects on mouse splenocytes by priming T/B-cells and macrophages. Discussion: The present study is the first to demonstrate that HHT-AuNPs could be utilized as immunostimulators to activate both innate and adaptive immune systems. These results provide a foundation for the application of traditional Chinese medicinal formulae in the field of nanomedicine.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immune-Enhancing Properties of Hwanglyeonhaedok-Tang-Mediated Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Splenocytes

Mi¹,

Xu²,

Choi³

et al. 2022

IJN

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“…Traditionally, it was used to clear heat, dry dampness, purge free, and remove toxicity [ 2 ]. Besides, modern pharmacological research studies indicated that Phellodendri Cortex exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as relaxing airway smooth muscle [ 2 ], inhibiting diabetes and gout [ 3 ], antioxidant [ 4 ], anti-inflammation [ 5 – 7 ], antiulcer [ 8 ], antibacteria, neuroprotective [ 9 ], antiviral, antidiarrhea [ 10 ], bone growth-stimulation, and immune-stimulation activities [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, Phellodendri Cortex polysaccharides (CPP) exhibited potent antitumor activity against sarcoma [ 24 ]. The CPP fraction showed marked B-lymphocyte-stimulating activity [ 11 ]. However, few studies were conducted to evaluate immunoenhancement activity of CPP under immunosuppression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Phellodendri Cortex Polysaccharides on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice

Cheng

Liu

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Cyclophosphamide is a commonly used anticancer drug, and immunosuppression is one of the most common side effects. How to recover the immunological function is important for cyclophosphamide-treated patients. In the present study, Phellodendri Cortex polysaccharides (CPP) could enhance the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro. The immunoregulatory function of CPP was then investigated in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. In CPP-treated groups, mice were orally treated with CPP at doses of 1, 0.5, and 0.25 g/kg bodyweight from 1 to 11 d, respectively. The cyclophosphamide was administrated in CPP and cyclophosphamide groups from 12 to 14 d. In the cyclophosphamide and normal control groups, the mice received equal volume of saline from 1 to 14 d. The results showed that CPP (1 g/kg) could significantly increase the bodyweight of mice, even during cyclophosphamide treatment. The organ coefficients of the spleen and thymus were recovered by CPP treatment. CPP upregulated the contents of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) in serum, which were downregulated by cyclophosphamide. The mRNA levels of these cytokines were also elevated by CPP treatment in the spleen. Cyclophosphamide upregulated the expressions of NF-κB p65, TLR4, and MyD88, suggesting that the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by cyclophosphamide. After CPP treatment, it was recovered to normal level. These results indicated that CPP alleviated the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.

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“…It is one of fundamental traditional Chinese medicines. Previous study reported that C. phellodendri has many physiological activities, including antioxidant [ 2 , 3 ], anti-inflammatory [ 4 – 6 ], antiulcer [ 7 ], and immune-stimulating properties [ 8 ], as well as neuroprotection and inhibition of coronavirus replication [ 9 , 10 ]. Moreover, C. phellodendri combining with other herbs can reduce complications of corticosteroid-resistant asthma [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortex phellodendri Extract Relaxes Airway Smooth Muscle

Jiang

Chen

Hong

et al. 2016

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Cortex phellodendri is used to reduce fever and remove dampness and toxin. Berberine is an active ingredient of C. phellodendri. Berberine from Argemone ochroleuca can relax airway smooth muscle (ASM); however, whether the nonberberine component of C. phellodendri has similar relaxant action was unclear. An n-butyl alcohol extract of C. phellodendri (NBAECP, nonberberine component) was prepared, which completely inhibits high K+- and acetylcholine- (ACH-) induced precontraction of airway smooth muscle in tracheal rings and lung slices from control and asthmatic mice, respectively. The contraction induced by high K+ was also blocked by nifedipine, a selective blocker of L-type Ca2+ channels. The ACH-induced contraction was partially inhibited by nifedipine and pyrazole 3, an inhibitor of TRPC3 and STIM/Orai channels. Taken together, our data demonstrate that NBAECP can relax ASM by inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels and TRPC3 and/or STIM/Orai channels, suggesting that NBAECP could be developed to a new drug for relieving bronchospasm.

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Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

The Immune-Enhancing Properties of Hwanglyeonhaedok-Tang-Mediated Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Splenocytes

The Immune-Enhancing Properties of Hwanglyeonhaedok-Tang-Mediated Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles in Macrophages and Splenocytes

The Immunomodulatory Effects of Phellodendri Cortex Polysaccharides on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice

Cortex phellodendri Extract Relaxes Airway Smooth Muscle

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