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Abstract

ABSTRACT:The Malayan pit viper (Calloselasma rhodostoma) is a snake found in most of Southeast Asia. The snake's venom contains proteins with various biological effects. In this study, proteins from Malayan pit viper venom were analysed by electrophoresis titration (ET) and two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-D gel). In addition, venom proteins were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) connected to a hydrophobic interactive chromatography (HIC) column. Fractions collected from HPLC were tested for biological activities. As the result, the ET profile showed that crude venom consisted of both positively and negatively charged proteins. Most of the 191 protein spots found on 2-D gel of crude venom have an isoelectric point in the range 4.5-5.5. After HPLC, eighteen fractions were eluted from HIC column. Each fraction was tested for fibrinolytic, haemorrhagic, gelatinase, and disintegrin activities. Both fibrinolytic and haemorrhagic fractions showed gelatinase activity as well, while the fibrinolytic fraction had no haemorrhagic activity. Our results are valuable to venom research and drug discovery.

Snake Venom Phospholipases A2: A Novel Tool Against Bacterial Diseases

“…A number of these enzymes are toxic (molecular weight ranges between 13 -150 kDa) and serve specific functions that include immobilizing, killing, and predigesting prey [4]. Snake venom phospholipases A 2 (svPLA 2 s) are highly abundant toxins having functional diversity and systemic toxicities including myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neprotoxicity, reprotoxicity, and systemic hemorrhage [5][6][7][8][9]. These proteins induce release of inflammatory mediators [10], vasodilating and vasoconstricting mediators such as prostaglandins, histamine, kinins, eicosanoids, platelet activating factor, catecholamines, dopamine, nitric oxide and endothelins.…”

“…Additionally, PLA 2 from human synovial fluid was named (group IIA), which had a disulfide bond pattern more similar to the rattlesnake group II [15]. A majority of svPLA 2 s are basic proteins consisting of 118-132 amino acids with seven disulfide bonds [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Several PLA 2 s have been isolated from snake venoms, including 12 -21 kDa sized proteins , which are slightly larger than other PLA 2 s [19].…”

Fractionation and proteomic analysis of the Walterinnesia aegyptia snake venom using OFFGEL and MALDI‐TOF‐MS techniques

“…The technique is, however, versatile enough so that different venom quantities can be processed depending on column characteristics (from 10 μg to 100 mg with a preparative column). 2DE gel is a common technique that works best to separate all compounds present in animal venoms according to their p I and molecular weight . However, 2DE has also some drawbacks such as: (1) low sensitivity , (2) extraction of compounds from the gels after separation by spot cutting is time consuming and not efficient for compound recovery , especially if the objective is to screen the compounds within an assay, and (3) this hand‐skilled method is difficult to automate .…”