3D/2D passivation as a secret to success for polycrystalline thin-film solar cells

McGott, Deborah L.; Muzzillo, Christopher P.; Perkins, Craig L.; Berry, Joseph J.; Zhu, Kai; Duenow, Joel N.; Colegrove, Eric; Wolden, Colin A.; Reese, Matthew O.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2021.03.015

Cited by 64 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…[38] Consequently, polycrystalline Pb halide perovskite thin films typically exhibit long carrier lifetimes up to several to tens of microseconds, [45][46][47] which are much higher than the 1-100 ns scale lifetimes for other conventional inorganic thin-film PV materials and are close to that of single crystals. [48] Lead halide perovskites exhibit balanced ambipolar carrier transport properties. The strong hybridization of s-p antibonding coupling, strong spin-orbit coupling, and lone-pair s-orbitals lead to small effective masses for both electrons and holes.…”

Section: Excellent Optoelectronic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 38 ] Consequently, polycrystalline Pb halide perovskite thin films typically exhibit long carrier lifetimes up to several to tens of microseconds, [ 45–47 ] which are much higher than the 1–100 ns scale lifetimes for other conventional inorganic thin‐film PV materials and are close to that of single crystals. [ 48 ]…”

Section: Advantages Of Bifacial Perovskite Pvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

2021

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PV technologies need to advance further in terms of a substantial increase in PV module power generation, reduction in module prices, and improvement in long-term reliability, eventually realizing low levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) that are compatible with standard electricity prices in the energy market. The PV industry's future development necessitates increased attention to emerging techniques with the potential to achieve high power generation at low costs.Increasing the power output per unit area of solar panels at low additional manufacturing costs is crucial for further lowering the PV-generated electricity price. One of the simplest and inexpensive strategies for increasing the power output density of a solar panel is to harvest reflected and diffuse sunlight from the ground by employing bifacial designs. The concept of bifacial solar cells can date back to the 1960s, but the momentum to bring bifacial solar panels to the market has been gradually realized in the last decade as one of the latest technological advances in PV manufacturing. [4] The mainstream crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV module manufacturers are now producing bifacial silicon solar modules based on different cell technologies. The trend shows that bifacial solar cells and modules are increasingly important in today's PV market and may soon become the cost-effective PV standard. [5] Unlike c-Si solar cells, efficient bifacial designs have not been demonstrated in commercial inorganic thin-film PV technologies because the polycrystalline inorganic thin films suffer from short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination, limiting their bifacial PV performance. Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have generated great interest in the PV research and industry, owing to their fast-growing power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), [6] outstanding optoelectronic properties, [7] ease of production, [8] low estimated manufacturing costs, [9] and readiness to take steps toward commercialization. [10] Within a decade, PSCs have rapidly evolved from a newcomer to a leading competitor to rival other established PV technologies.The development of PSCs opens up a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells. Figure 1 depicts the bifacial architecture for PSCs, summarizes the unique optoelectronic properties of perovskites that enable high bifacial performance, and highlights the advantages of bifacial Bifacial solar cells hold the potential to achieve a higher power output per unit area than conventional monofacial devices without significantly increasing manufacturing costs. However, efficient bifacial designs are challenging to implement in inorganic thin-film solar cells because of their short carrier lifetimes and high rear surface recombination. The emergence of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) technology creates a golden opportunity to realize efficient bifacial thin-film solar cells, owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and unique features of device physics. More importantly, transparent cond...

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Section: Excellent Optoelectronic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages Of Bifacial Perovskite Pvsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

2021

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“…Superstrate device growth has been described elsewhere, , as has the cleave and reconstruction process Figure shows a schematic of this process.…”

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“…Briefly, a lift-off handle (typically glass or metal) is epoxied to the back of completed superstrate device stacks, which are then submerged in liquid nitrogen in an inert-ambient glovebox until spontaneous cleavage occurs at the emitter/absorber interface. This process has previously been shown to maintain interface chemistry. , The absorber side of the cleaved stack is then transferred in inert ambient to a sputter chamber in which 120 nm of MZO is deposited from a hot-pressed target of 4 wt% MgO and 96 wt% ZnO, which results in a bandgap of ∼3.4 eV . This is followed by 120 nm of sputtered ZnO:Al and an e-beam evaporated Ni (20 nm)/Al (100 nm) aperture to improve current collection in the ZnO:Al.…”

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Revealing the Importance of Front Interface Quality in Highly Doped CdSe_xTe_1–x Solar Cells

et al. 2021

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As carrier concentration improves in CdTe-based solar cells, modeling shows that the front interface becomes a bottleneck for performance. Optimization of the front interface has proven difficult, however, because it both is buried and evolves substantially during standard superstrate device processing. Here, we address both issues by cleaving state-ofthe-art superstrate CdSe x Te 1−x device stacks at the emitter/ absorber interface and reconstructing in the substrate configuration using a Mg y Zn 1−y O/ZnO:Al front contact. By comparing devices that were either copper-or arsenic-doped, the influence of front interface quality on low-doped and highly doped absorbers was studied, respectively. A much larger performance drop was observed for reconstructed arsenicdoped devices, which was attributed to insufficient emitter doping, formation of compensating defects at the front interface, and increased sensitivity to both effects due to a collapsed depletion region. This work highlights key challenges unique to highly doped CdSeTe:As devices that must be addressed moving forward.

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Multi‐Point Collaborative Passivation of Surface Defects for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Qiao,

Zhu,

Yan

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The inherent defects (lead iodide inversion and iodine vacancy) in perovskites cause non‐radiative recombination and there is also ion migration, decreasing the efficiency and stability of perovskite devices. Eliminating these inherent defects is critical for achieving high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells. Herein, an organic molecule with multiple active sites (4,7‐bromo‐5,6‐fluoro‐2,1,3‐phenylpropyl thiadiazole, M4) is introduced to modify the upper interface of perovskites. When M4 interacts with the perovskite surface, the active bromine (Br) site interacts with lead (Pb) at the surface to repair iodine atomic vacancy defects. The fluorine (F) site of M4 interacts with Pb to correct octahedral crystal lattice distortions and eliminate PbI defects. Additionally, sulfur–iodine (S–I) interactions reduce I–I dimerization and eliminate IPb defects. It is also calculated that the energy level of M4 aligns with the band gap, promoting charge transfer. As a result, the perovskite devices achieve an efficiency of 25.1%, a stabilized power output (SPO) of 25.0%, a voltage of 1.19 V, and a fill factor of 85.2%. The device retains 95% of its initial efficiency after 2000 h of ageing in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thus, multi‐point cooperative passivation of surface defects provides an effective method to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

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3D/2D passivation as a secret to success for polycrystalline thin-film solar cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 120 publications

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

Revealing the Importance of Front Interface Quality in Highly Doped CdSe_xTe_1–x Solar Cells

Multi‐Point Collaborative Passivation of Surface Defects for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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3D/2D passivation as a secret to success for polycrystalline thin-film solar cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 120 publications

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

Perovskite Solar Cells Go Bifacial—Mutual Benefits for Efficiency and Durability

Revealing the Importance of Front Interface Quality in Highly Doped CdSexTe1–x Solar Cells

Multi‐Point Collaborative Passivation of Surface Defects for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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Revealing the Importance of Front Interface Quality in Highly Doped CdSe_xTe_1–x Solar Cells