“…Currently, studies (Gugulothu and Balaji, 2023;Halder and Dey, 2023;Jeyaraj and Nadar, 2023;Liu et al, 2023;Omar et al, 2023;Zhu et al, 2023) have made some progress in the task of lung tumor pathology classification. These methods include two main technical lines: lung cancer classification methods based on CT images (Gugulothu and Balaji, 2023;Liu et al, 2023;Zhu et al, 2023) and deep learning classification algorithms based on histopathological images (Halder and Dey, 2023;Jeyaraj and Nadar, 2023;Omar et al, 2023).…”