3D Assembly of Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Electronics

Abstract

Since the discovery of electricity and the creation of the first transistors two centuries ago, the field of electronics has evolved rapidly to become omnipresent. Today, electronic devices are challenged by new demands in function and performance: they are expected to be lightweight, highly efficient, flexible, smart, implantable, and so on. To meet these demands, the materials and components in devices need to be carefully selected and assembled together. In this regard, the controlled assembly of 3D graphene structures holds tremendous potential to achieve such levels of multifunctionality and outstanding properties. Advanced processing approaches, such as 3D printing, allow the fabrication of a variety of 3D graphene–based materials that present outstanding properties and a high degree of multifunctionality. Herein, the recent progress in the fabrication of graphene‐based devices for advanced electronics using controlled assembly is reported. The benefits of controlling the microstructure of graphene nanomaterials for enhanced properties and functionalities are highlighted, and the various fabrication methods and their implications on the organization of materials are reviewed, as well as selected electrical devices. The approaches described here are opening up new avenues for the fabrication of health or structural monitoring devices, autonomous machines, and interconnected objects.

Synthesis and characterization of TEMPO-oxidized peptide-cellulose conjugate biosensors for detecting human neutrophil elastase

“…Graphene-based nanomaterial devices are one such substrate and have received increased attention due to their biocompatibility and potential for surface modification (Chen et al 2019;Huang et al 2019). Until recently, graphene-based nanomaterials were limited as strictly 2-D materials, however 3-D materials have become available for sensor applications (Le Ferrand et al 2020;Mao et al 2020). However, these 3-D networks typically require a supporting porous scaffold, which must be removed, requiring complicated and time-consuming chemical processes.…”

Controlled local orientation of 2D nanomaterials in 3D devices: methods and prospects for multifunctional designs and enhanced performance

“…The recent progress in 3D printing has been summarized in a few comprehensive reviews. [262][263][264][268][269][270][271] A few studies report the use of fused deposition modelling (FDM) using graphene but the fabrication of thermoplastic laments with homogeneously distributed 2D nanosheets is challenging. 272,273 In FDM, a thermoplastic lament is heated and extruded through a nozzle on a substrate, where it cools down to solidify.…”

A Review on Printing of Responsive Smart and 4D Structures Using 2D Materials

“…[32][33][34][35] They have advantages compared to, for example, spherical nanofillers such as carbon black (CB) since the morphological characteristics, mechanical strength, and electrical and thermal conductivities enable multifunctional composites at lower filler loadings. [36] Indeed, 3D printing of GRM composites and inks has already been applied to thermal management, [37] supercapacitors, [38][39] batteries, [39] conductors, [40][41][42][43][44] composites, [43,[45][46][47][48] aerogels, [49] and scaffolds, [50] amongst others, and is a field with hundreds of paper published in the last few years (Figure 1a) and already thoroughly reviewed. [41,[50][51][52][53] Recently, other composites and inks containing 2D nanomaterials such as MXenes and hexagonal boron nitride were 3D printed for energy storage [54][55][56] and thermal management [57][58] applications, respectively.…”

“…[36] Indeed, 3D printing of GRM composites and inks has already been applied to thermal management, [37] supercapacitors, [38][39] batteries, [39] conductors, [40][41][42][43][44] composites, [43,[45][46][47][48] aerogels, [49] and scaffolds, [50] amongst others, and is a field with hundreds of paper published in the last few years (Figure 1a) and already thoroughly reviewed. [41,[50][51][52][53] Recently, other composites and inks containing 2D nanomaterials such as MXenes and hexagonal boron nitride were 3D printed for energy storage [54][55][56] and thermal management [57][58] applications, respectively.…”