3D bioprinted alginate-gelatin based scaffolds for soft tissue engineering

Chawla, Dipul; Kaur, Tejinder; Joshi, Akshay; Singh, Neetu

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.127

Cited by 86 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[ 36 ] However, alginate also has disadvantages such as poor cellular adhesion and motility. [ 37 ] Hence, gelatin‐alginate mixtures have been widely utilized for printing scaffolds for tissue engineering. Nevertheless, the mechanical strength of these dual blends is usually inadequate to print scaffolds with elevated sizes, and their endurances are often increased by the addition of solid support materials, such as carbon nanotubes and bioactive glass particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Printing of Cytocompatible Gelatin‐Cellulose‐Alginate Blend Hydrogels

Erkoc

Uvak

Nazeer

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The advancements in 3D printing systems together with medical imaging devices, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), have made it possible to fabricate customized implantable scaffolds from computer-aided designs (CAD), which can precisely fit to the affected region in body of patients. [1,2] Hydrogels are widely preferred scaffold materials for 3D printing since they can mimic the natural tissues due to their high water content, porosity, and flexibility. [1,3] Additionally, they can be easily functionalized with biochemical and biophysical cues, and have easy fabrication processes. [4,5] Deriving therapeutic benefits such as supporting cell adhesion, promoting cell proliferation, and providing mechanical support for the tissue remodeling are desired for hydrogels. Physical, chemical, or biochemical crosslinking of homopolymer or copolymer solutions is typically used to form the hydrogels. [6] Along with synthetic polymers, the natural polymeric hydrogels can provide a stable environment for cells to grow, migrate, proliferate, and/or differentiate. [1] Natural polymers can be extracted from natural products via physical or chemical techniques in order to form hydrogels. The natural polymeric hydrogels, such as gelatin, [7,8] alginate, [9] fibrinogen, [10] hyaluronic acid, [11] cellulose, [12] and chitosan, [13] can dissolve in biofriendly inorganic solvents including phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture medium. [6] Besides the well-known biocompatibility and biodegradability of natural polymeric hydrogels, their mechanical characteristics, however, limit potential applications as bioinks for manufacturing of scaffolds through 3D printing process. [14] Collagen-based biomaterials, used in most of the previous studies due to their intrinsic cell-adhesion sites, have been reported to have poor printability and long crosslinking durations. [15] Likewise, sodium alginate, which is a block copolymer of consecutive and alternately arranged β-d-mannuronic acid and α-l-guluronic acid residues, is a broadly preferred material since it is easily crosslinked via ionotropic gelation with divalent cations (e.g., Ca 2+ , Zn 2+). [16] However, alginate hydrogels require additional bioactivation step to trigger cell adhesion. [17] Another 3D bioprinting of hydrogels has gained great attention due to its potential to manufacture intricate and customized scaffolds that provide favored conditions for cell proliferation. Nevertheless, plain natural hydrogels can be easily disintegrated, and their mechanical strengths are usually insufficient for printing process. Hence, composite hydrogels are developed for 3D printing. This study aims to develop a hydrogel ink for extrusion-based 3D printing which is entirely composed of natural polymers, gelatin, alginate, and cellulose. Physicochemical interactions between the components of the intertwined gelatin-cellulose-alginate network are studied via altering copolymer ratios. The structure of the materials and porosity are assessed using infr...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the mechanical strength of these dual blends is usually inadequate to print scaffolds with elevated sizes, and their endurances are often increased by the addition of solid support materials, such as carbon nanotubes and bioactive glass particles. [ 26,36,37 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Cytocompatible Gelatin‐Cellulose‐Alginate Blend Hydrogels

Erkoc

Uvak

Nazeer

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…The bioprinting process, as shown in Figure 1B, consists of the prior bioprinting phase, where alginate/gelatin bioinks were synthesized and suitable cells were selected. The alginate/gelatin bioinks were produced in different concentrations, based on the cell line used, the printability and the cell viability reported on previous studies (Mondal et al, 2019;Chawla et al, 2020). Next, after cells were cultured in 2D conditions until confluency, they were mixed with the appropriate bioink and were bioprinted according to the gcode instructions, generating the 3D culture design shown in Figure 1B.…”

Section: Bioprinter Assembly and Bioprinting Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Custom Ultra-Low-Cost 3D Bioprinter Supports Cell Growth and Differentiation

Ioannidis

Danalatos

Tsaniras

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Advances in 3D bioprinting have allowed the use of stem cells along with biomaterials and growth factors toward novel tissue engineering approaches. However, the cost of these systems along with their consumables is currently extremely high, limiting their applicability. To address this, we converted a 3D printer into an open source 3D bioprinter and produced a customized bioink based on accessible alginate/gelatin precursors, leading to a cost-effective solution. The bioprinter's resolution, including line width, spreading ratio and extrusion uniformity measurements, along with the rheological properties of the bioinks were analyzed, revealing high bioprinting accuracy within the printability window. Following the bioprinting process, cell survival and proliferation were validated on HeLa Kyoto and HEK293T cell lines. In addition, we isolated and 3D bioprinted postnatal neural stem cell progenitors derived from the mouse subventricular zone as well as mesenchymal stem cells derived from mouse bone marrow. Our results suggest that our low-cost 3D bioprinter can support cell proliferation and differentiation of two different types of primary stem cell populations, indicating that it can be used as a reliable tool for developing efficient research models for stem cell research and tissue engineering.

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“…Swelling directly refers to the ability to hydrate and stabilize within biological systems. 63,64 All scaffolds were incubated in PBS to evaluate the rate of water absorption over time.…”

Section: Swellingmentioning

confidence: 99%