3D cell-laden polymers to release bioactive products in the eye

Abstract

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Invertebrate Retinal Progenitors as Regenerative Models in a Microfluidic System

“…Furthermore, concentration effects were seen to be significant in conjunction with gradient, as cells migrated in both the highest gradient fields and in fields with the highest FGF concentration. These data reinforce the importance of both the absolute concentration of reagent exposed to transplantable cells as well as its chemical release over time in emerging retinal biomaterials [18,103,104]. Large clusters migrated significantly ( p < 0.05) further in the largest gradient fields, while smaller clusters exhibited no statistical difference in migration distances.…”

“…The complexity of progenitor cell movement presents distinct challenges to retinal regeneration because heterogeneous retinal clusters are comprised of cells of neuronal and glial lineages whose spatial organization, and their effects on RPC migration, remain incompletely understood [5,16]. While contemporary cell replacement strategies have utilized a growing number of transplantable biomaterials to aid viability of transplanted cells [17,18,19], inadequate and/or misdirected cell migration into damaged retina has been cited as a primary factor in the inability to achieve synaptic integration and restore vision [20,21,22,23]. Bio-engineering techniques and approaches with which to understand how the migratory responses of transplanted RPCs are mediated by their interactions with one another, soluble chemotactic stimuli, and extracellular substrate(s) will, thereby, greatly enrich retinal transplantation strategies.…”

Cell Encapsulation Within Alginate Microcapsules: Immunological Challenges and Outlook

“…The method has also been explored to deliver therapeutics for many other conditions: central nervous system delivery (Aebischer et al, 1996; Zurn et al, 2000; Garcia et al, 2010; Kuramoto et al, 2011; Luo et al, 2013), cancer (Lohr, 2001; Lohr et al, 2002; Dubrot et al, 2010), metabolic disorders (Hortelano et al, 1996; Garcia-Martin et al, 2002; Wen et al, 2006, 2007; Piller Puicher et al, 2012; Diel et al, 2018), and anemia (Orive et al, 2005) among multiple other conditions. Altogether, many applications of encapsulated cells have been described (Chang, 2019), leading to the creation of several biotechnology companies developing encapsulation devices (Orive et al, 2019).…”

A 3D Printed Self-Sustainable Cell-Encapsulation Drug Delivery Device for Periocular Transplant-Based Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases

“…Although no permanent cure or prosthetic exists to date, cell culture and animal experiments done with tropic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), have shown that they can revive the damaged photoreceptor cells [2][3][4]. However, their delivery to the retina is very challenging [5,6]. For instance, intravenous injection cannot deliver the required amount of BDNF to the retina because BDNF has a very short half-life in blood (0.92 min) [7], and it is impermeable to the blood-retinal barrier [8].…”

“…A promising way to achieve self-sustainable drug delivery is to replace the drugs in the device with genetically modifiable cells that can continuously secrete trophic factor proteins [18]. In fact, this technique has now gained wide popularity amongst many research groups [5,19]. Herein, we utilized a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line (ARPE-19; [20]).…”