3D cephalometric analysis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: validation of accuracy and reproducibility

Juerchott, Alexander; Saleem, Muhammad Abdullah; Hilgenfeld, Tim; Freudlsperger, Christian; Zingler, Sebastian; Lux, Christopher J.; Bendszus, Martin; Heiland, Sabine

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31384-8

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The continuous development of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and of the techniques for its digital elaboration will hopefully overcome the burden of radiation dose connected to CBCT imaging [44][45][46]. As a result of the increasing application of MRI in dental imaging, which is already happening [44,45,47], researchers will be able to better understand the development of facial structures through aging. The evaluation of maxillary sinuses in MRI could lead to a better comprehension of the modifications that occur inside the maxillary sinuses not only through aging but also in response to pathologies or to the movement of maxillary posterior teeth thereby improving the comprehension of the pathophysiological mechanisms that rule bone metabolism in the maxillary sinuses without radiation exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Changes in Growing Subjects: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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This study aims to evaluate changes of maxillary sinuses in growing subjects. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of 146 patients were divided according to gender and age (6–8, 9–11, 12–14 years old). Left, right and total maxillary sinus volume (MSV-R, MSV-L, MSV-Tot) and surface (MSS-R, MSS-L, MSS-Tot), left and right linear maximum width (LMW-L, LMW-R), depth (LMD-R, LMD-L) and height (LMH-R, LMH-R) were calculated using Mimics Research 22. Kruskal–Wallis Test and showed a statistically significant increase in both genders for all variables. Pairwise comparisons in females are always statistically significant in: LMH-R, LMH-R, MSS-Tot, MSV-Tot. All other variables showed a statistical significant increase between 9–11 and 12–14, and between 6–8 and 12–14 age groups, apart from LMSW-R, LMSW-L, LMSD-R, LMSD-L between 6–8 and 12–14 age groups. Pairwise comparisons in males are always and only statistically significant between 9–11 and 12–14, and between 6–8 and 12–14 groups. Symmetrical measurements (right and left) evaluated using Wilcoxon test retrieved no statistical significant difference. Comparisons between measurements on male and female subjects using Mann–Whitney test showed a statistical significant difference in 6–8 years group in MSV-R, MSV-L and MSV-Tot, and in 12–14 age group in MSV-R, MSV-L, MSV-Tot, MSS-r, MSS-l, MSS-Tot, MSW-R, MSW-L, MSD-R, MSD-L. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) assessing inter-operator and intra-operator concordance retrieved excellent results for all variables. It appears that maxillary sinus growth resembles the differential peak of growth in male and female subjects. Sinuses starts to develop early in female subjects. However, in the first and last age group female sinuses are statistically significantly smaller compared to male ones. In male subjects, sinus growth occurs mainly between the second and third age group whilst in female subjects it starts between the first and second age group and continues between the second and the last. Sinus has a vertical development during the peak of growth, which is the main reason for its increase in volume.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Changes in Growing Subjects: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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“…Some authors are attempting to validate an MRI-based cephalometric protocol, which could have an important effect on treatment planning and the possibility of monitoring mandibular growth longitudinally, especially in the case of young patients, since MRI can be repeated due to the absence of ionizing radiation [42][43][44][45] . The current development and spread of radiation-free technologies in dentistry, such as MRI, will allow researchers to better understand maxillo-facial growth and physiology [46][47][48] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing mandibular body changes in growing subjects: a comparison of CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalogram measurements

Maspero

Farronato

Bellincioni

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the aim of this study is to compare cone-beam computed tomography (cBct) and bi-dimensional reconstructed lateral cephalograms (RLcs) in assessing mandibular body length and growth and to evaluate how mandibular reshaping influences the error in measuring mandibular body growth in bi-dimensional radiographs. Twenty-five patients with two CBCT scans taken at a mean distance of 2.21 ± 0.5 years were selected. The following measurements were performed: right and left mandibular body length at each point in time, mandibular growth, inter-gonial distance and mandibular symphyseal angle. From each CBCT, an RLC was obtained, and mandibular body length and growth were measured. Data analysis revealed a statistically and clinically significant difference in CBCT and RLC regarding the mandibular length of each patient at each point in time. However, mandibular growth was almost identical. A linear regression was performed to predict growth distortion between RLCs and CBCT depending on the ratio between transverse and sagittal mandibular growth. The expected maximum and minimum distortion, however, appeared not to be significant. In fact, a second linear regression model and a Bland-Altman test revealed a strong correlation between measurements of average mandibular body growth by CBCT and RLCs. As the same distortion occurs in the first and second RLCs, bi-dimensional radiographs remain the method of choice in evaluating mandibular body growth. Mandibular length is an important indicator of therapeutic success. In the literature, this variable has been measured using different radiographic techniques. In 1931, Broadbent 1 described a method to study facial growth by lateral teleradiographs. Despite some drawbacks, such as variable magnification, different grades of distortion, and limited repeatability of head position, the technique of superimposing cephalometric tracings taken over time has been accepted for clinical and research purposes in orthodontics 2. Several aspects of the growth of the maxillofacial complex have been studied so far, such as the direction and intensity of growth in different cohorts of patients with a sequence of cephalometric radiographs 2-4. The growth of the maxillofacial complex is steep during the first 4 years of life 5 , and it becomes flatter until puberty, when it becomes steeper again during the adolescent growth spurt 6. The timing of maxillofacial growth differs between boys and girls; its onset and peak occur at ages 12 and 14 years, respectively, in boys and 9.5 and 11.5 years, respectively, in girls 6-8. Modifications that occur in the human mandible during growth were first studied by Bjork 9,10 and Enlow 11,12. Small pointed pins were implanted into the mandible and used as a fixed reference for evaluating bone growth. While useful baseline information was provided by this and subsequent studies 2,4 , the data were limited to two-dimensional (2D) measurements.

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“…FoVs of 13 cm and 20 cm were used to compare different voxel sizes. The mandible was positioned in the center of the FoV to avoid the artifact truncated view issue (Loubele et al,2008) and also ensure a higher spatial accuracy (Juerchott et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy assessment of different CBCT acquisition protocols used in rapid prototyping models

Corazza

Baeder

Silva

et al. 2020

RSD

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This study compared the acquisition protocols of the Conical Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) system, to assess the influence on image accuracy by different voxel sizes and the presence of soft tissue. Tomographic acquisition was performed in a fresh (F) and dry (D) pork jaw with voxel sizes of 0.4, 0.3 and 0.25 mm. The gold standard was obtained by scanning dry jaws covered with barium sulfate with a voxel size of 0.25 mm. The images were treated in the MIMICS® program, and noise areas were removed manually, using a fixed threshold for the purpose of generating 3D printing windows. Each window was virtually overlaid with the gold standard using the MeshLab software, obtaining absolute error values between the meshes, generating a map of discrepancies. Significant differences were found between windows D 0.30 vs. F 0.30, D 0.30 vs. F 0.25, D 0.30 vs. D 0.25, D 0.30 vs. F 0.40, F 0.30 vs. D 0.25, F 0.25 vs. D 0.25, F 0.25 vs. D 0.40, D 0.25 vs. F 0.40, D 0.25 vs. D 0.40 and F 0.40 vs. D 0.40, (p <0.05). It was observed that the dry jaw windows showed a lower mean and standard deviation when compared to the fresh jaw windows. The 0.25 mm voxel protocol showed the most accurate result and the presence of soft tissues influenced the accuracy of the image when some protocols were compared statistically.

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3D cephalometric analysis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: validation of accuracy and reproducibility

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Changes in Growing Subjects: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Changes in Growing Subjects: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Assessing mandibular body changes in growing subjects: a comparison of CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalogram measurements

Accuracy assessment of different CBCT acquisition protocols used in rapid prototyping models

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