3D CFD-PBM simulation of gas–solid bubbling beds of Geldart A particles with sub-grid drag correction

Particle Adhesion Effects on Particle Size Distribution of Titania Nanoparticle Agglomerates in a Conical Fluidized Bed: A Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method Adhesive Approach

“…An increase in H led to an increase in the adhesion force between particles, which led to an increase in the bed channeling. In addition, U mf of adhesive particles tends to be higher than that of nonadhesive ones, especially for particles with high surface cohesiveness . The formation of large voids in the bed and bed channeling is attributed to collision-induced NP agglomerations as particles gain significant momentum to continue moving in the axial direction to enhance the fountain zone.…”

“…In addition, U mf of adhesive particles tends to be higher than that of nonadhesive ones, especially for particles with high surface cohesiveness. 35 The formation of large voids in the bed and bed channeling is attributed to collisioninduced NP agglomerations as particles gain significant momentum to continue moving in the axial direction to enhance the fountain zone. The spout height of cohesive particles is much shorter than that of noncohesive particles.…”

“…Among the different approaches to solving this problem, the combination of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM), ,− ,, named CFD-DEM approach, is a promising one. In the CFD-DEM numerical study, the particles are assumed to form the discrete phase.…”

“…In addition, a cohesive granular kinetic model based on contact bonding energy loss was suggested in the multifluid Eulerian simulation of mildly cohesive particles. 37 Among the different approaches to solving this problem, the combination of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM), 21,[32][33][34][35]37,38 named CFD-DEM approach, is a promising one. In the CFD-DEM numerical study, the particles are assumed to form the discrete phase.…”

“…A decrease in particle size, especially in the case of nanoparticles (NPs) and ultrafine microparticles (MPs having below 10 μm in size), enhances the significance of cohesive forces between particles, thus increasing IPFs. Experimental findings showed that IPF is among the most critical factors that can shift the fluidization behavior from that of group B to A and even to group C of Geldart’s classification. ,, Thus, on the one hand, an increase in the magnitude of IPFs may lead to a change in the PSD type, and on the other hand, the average particle size and PSD will affect the significance of IPFs. Therefore, a mutual effect will be expected between the magnitudes of IPFs and PSD during the fluidization of the bed.…”