3D Channel Models: Principles, Characteristics, and System Implications

Due to its potential for multi-gigabit and low latency wireless links, millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is expected to play a central role in 5th generation (5G) cellular systems. While there has been considerable progress in understanding the mmWave physical layer, innovations will be required at all layers of the protocol stack, in both the access and the core network. Discrete-event network simulation is essential for end-to-end, cross-layer research and development. This paper provides a tutorial on a recently developed full-stack mmWave module integrated into the widely used open-source ns-3 simulator. The module includes a number of detailed statistical channel models as well as the ability to incorporate real measurements or raytracing data. The Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers are modular and highly customizable, making it easy to integrate algorithms or compare Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) numerologies, for example. The module is interfaced with the core network of the ns-3 Long Term Evolution (LTE) module for full-stack simulations of end-to-end connectivity, and advanced architectural features, such as dualconnectivity, are also available. To facilitate the understanding of the module, and verify its correct functioning, we provide several examples that show the performance of the custom mmWave stack as well as custom congestion control algorithms designed specifically for efficient utilization of the mmWave channel.This work has been submitted to IEEE Communication Surveys and Tutorials for possible publication.

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“…The ray tracing data was provided by the Communication Systems and Networks Group, University of Bristol, UK[9],[54].…”

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confidence: 99%

End-to-End Simulation of 5G mmWave Networks

Mezzavilla

Zhang

Polese

et al. 2018

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

386

237

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“…The wireless channels (small-scale fading-model) are also taken into consideration to reflect the influences of the multi-path components while assessing the effectiveness of the deployed antenna design which was previously stated. Since the 3GPP/ITU model is the foundation for the 3D channel model created in [24,25], it is taken into consideration. The model provides information on the received multipath components such as amplitude, phase, time delay, angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) in elevation and azimuth domains.…”

Section: Path Loss Profile Additionally Modeling For Uav Swarmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UAV-Swarm-Communication Model Using a Machine-Learning Approach for Search-and-Rescue Applications

Khalil

Rahman

Ullah

et al. 2022

Drones

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This paper presents a UAV-swarm-communication model using a machine-learning approach for search-and-rescue applications. Firstly, regarding the communication of UAVs, the receive signal strength (RSS) and power loss have been modeled using random forest regression, and the mathematical representation of the channel matrix has also been discussed. The second part consisted of swarm control modeling of UAVs; however, a dataset for five types of triangular swarm formations was generated, and K-means clustering was applied to predict the cluster. In order to obtain the correct swarm formation, the dendrogram of all types was investigated. Finally, the heat map and contour were plotted for all kinds of swarm clusters. Furthermore, it was observed that the RSS of proposed swarms had good agreement with swarm distances.

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“…The ITU-R model is a Geometry based Stochastic Channel Model (GSCM) that needs various randomness levels to model many BS-UE channels. As shown in figure 1, the channel generation process of the enhanced 3D ITU-R GSCM [10] can be described using six steps. These are classified into three phases: 1) UE parameters, 2) generation of Large Scale Parameters (LSPs) and 3) generation of channel impulse response.…”

Section: A Enhanced 3d Itu-r Channel Modeling Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Level Study of LTE-Advanced Multiple Antenna System with Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation

Abdalla

Mohammed

2018

KJAR

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Spatial Multiplexing (SM) multiple antenna systems and Carrier Aggregation (CA) are techniques introduced in Long Term Evolution- Advanced (LTE−Advanced) to support high data rates by increasing the number of transmission paths and the available bandwidth respectively. Therefore, in this study we evaluate the performance of LTE-Advanced physical downlink shared channel for single and SM multiple antenna systems in two different frequency bands. The radio channel is modelled using an enhanced Three-Dimensional (3D) international telecommunication union-radio communication sector channel model integrated with base station and user mobile 3D antenna patterns. Except the total received power, similar channel statistics are observed for both frequency bands. The study is performed considering 1x1, 2x2, 4x4 antenna systems in a macro-cell urban environment at Component Carries (CC) of 2600 MHz and 800 MHz to model bands 7 and 20 of CA_7-20 respectively. The performance is evaluated in terms of throughput and SM gain for many base stations and user positions considering various modulation and coding schemes. We used the computationally efficient received bit information rate algorithm to compute the throughput as a function of channel structure and signal to noise ratio. As expected higher throughput is observed for the 800 MHz band over the 2600 MHz band. This is due to the higher total received power of the 800 MHz band. The novel SM gain results show that the SM gain depends on the operating band and it’s less than the number of spatial links. Moreover, the efficiency of inter-band CA in increasing the data rates is a function cell radius and the number of spatial streams.

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3D Channel Models: Principles, Characteristics, and System Implications

Cited by 36 publications

References 11 publications

End-to-End Simulation of 5G mmWave Networks

End-to-End Simulation of 5G mmWave Networks

A UAV-Swarm-Communication Model Using a Machine-Learning Approach for Search-and-Rescue Applications

System Level Study of LTE-Advanced Multiple Antenna System with Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation

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