3D computed X-ray tomography of human cancellous bone at 8 μm spatial and 10−4 energy resolution

Bonse, U.; Busch, Felix; Günnewig, Olaf; Beckmann, Felix; Pahl, R.; Delling, G.; Hahn, Michael; Graeff, W.

doi:10.1016/s0169-6009(08)80205-x

Cited by 170 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As an analytical technique, lCT has been used to quantify and characterize changes in bone architecture associated with bone disorders such as osteoporosis [13][14][15][16]. lCT has also been used to quantify the bone contact area (apposition) between a solid non-porous implant and adjacent bone [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Baril

Lefebvre

Hacking

2011

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography Baril, É.; Lefebvre, L.-P.; Hacking, S. A.Contact us / Contactez nous: nparc.cisti@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca. Abstract The utility of porous metals for the integration of orthopaedic implants with host bone has been well established. Quantification of the tissue response to cementless implants is laborious and time consuming process requiring tissue processing, embedding, sectioning, polishing, imaging and image analysis. Micro-computed tomography (lCT) is a promising three dimensional (3D) imaging technique to quantify the tissue response to porous metals. However, the suitability and effectiveness of lCT for the quantification of bone ingrowth remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare bone growth within porous titanium implants using both lCT and traditional hard-tissue histology techniques. Cylindrical implants were implanted in the distal femora and proximal tibiae of a rabbit. After 6 weeks, bone ingrowth was quantified and compared by lCT, light microscopy and backscattered electron microscopy. Quantification of bone volume and implant porosity as determined by lCT compared well with data obtained by traditional histology techniques. Analysis of the 3D dataset showed that bone was present in the pores connected with openings larger 9.4 lm. For pore openings greater than 28.2 lm, the size of the interconnection had little impact on the bone density within the porosity for the titanium foams.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Baril

Lefebvre

Hacking

2011

J Mater Sci: Mater Med

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“…The intricate structure of cancellous bone has been extensively studied using mCT (Kuhn et al, 1990;Bonse et al, 1994;Mü ller et al, 1996a,b;Rü egsegger et al, 1996;Mü ller and Rü egsegger, 1997;Kappelman, 1998;Kinney et al, 1998;Fajardo and Mü ller, 2001;MacLatchy and Mü ller, 2002;Mü ller, 2002Mü ller, , 2003, and this technology has even been applied successfully to the visualization of the brain endocast and vestibular apparatus of Mesozoic pterosaurs (Witmer et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of the accuracy of dental enamel thickness measurements using microfocal X‐ray computed tomography

2006

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Tooth enamel thickness has long been an important character in studies of primate and especially hominin phylogeny, taxonomy, and adaptation. Current methods for accurately assessing enamel thickness involve the physical sectioning of teeth, because measurements of enamel thickness using some radiographic techniques are unreliable. However, because destructive methods limit sample sizes and access to important fossil specimens, it is desirable that they be replaced with nondestructive techniques. Although microfocal X-ray computed tomography (mCT) has been used recently in studies of enamel thickness, the accuracy of this technique has yet to be established. The present research compares physical sections to computer-generated mCT sections of teeth from a variety of primate and nonprimate, recent and fossil taxa to examine whether enamel thickness, tooth size, and diagenetic remineralization (fossilization) impact the ability of mCT to measure enamel thickness accurately. Results indicate that recent teeth of varying size and thickness are clearly and accurately depicted in mCT scans, with measurements from nearly identical planes in physical and mCT sections differing by 3-5%. A fossil papionin molar (ca. 2 Myr) was also accurately measured using mCT scans, although thinner enamel in much older therapsid (ca. 263-241 Myr) teeth could not be distinguished from dentine. mCT is thus an accurate technique for measuring enamel thickness in recent taxa, although heavily mineralized teeth pose an obstacle to the ability of mCT to distinguish dental tissues. Moreover, absolutely thin enamel (less than ϳ 0.10 mm) is difficult to resolve adequately in raw mCT images based on pixel values alone. Therefore, caution must be exercised in the application of mCT to the study of fossilized teeth. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: mCT; microfocal X-ray computed tomography; enamel thickness; measurement accuracy; diagenesis; dental enamel; dentine Tooth enamel thickness has long been considered to be of importance in the interpretation of human evolution because of its purported taxonomic and phylogenetic value

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“…62 Similar assumptions can be made about the demineralized portion of dentin. Resin has been used by several authors as a soft tissue equivalent for the fabrication of radiographic phantoms, 55,[63][64][65] but the non-uniform distribution of powder during the mixing and resin curing processes 66 has resulted in grainy radiographic images. Recently, Schwass et al introduced the mixture of unfilled resin and hydroxyapatite as a phantom that mimics dentin.…”

Section: Measurements and Calibrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The noise increases with decreased energy since low-energy soft X-rays scatter and penetrate less efficiently than hard X-rays. 66 The inadequate filtration of soft radiation leads to a non-linear photon count versus object thickness detector responses. By placing a filter (e.g., aluminum) between the X-ray source and the object during the acquisition phase, the low-energy X-rays can be attenuated as a consequence of the photoelectric effect.…”

Section: Data Processing and 3-dimensionsal Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of X-ray microcomputed tomography in dental research: application for the caries research

Park

Bae

Chang

et al. 2011

J Korean Acad Conserv Dent

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Caries remains prevalent throughout modern society and is the main disease in the field of dentistry. Although studies of this disease have used diverse methodology, recently, X-ray microtomography has gained popularity as a non-destructive, 3-dimensional (3D) analytical technique, and has several advantages over the conventional methods. According to X-ray source, it is classified as monochromatic or polychromatic with the latter being more widely used due to the high cost of the monochromatic source despite some advantages. The determination of mineral density profiles based on changes in X-ray attenuation is the principle of this method and calibration and image processing procedures are needed for the better image and reproducible measurements. Using this tool, 3D reconstruction is also possible and it enables to visualize the internal structures of dental caries. With the advances in the computer technology, more diverse applications are being studied, such automated caries assessment algorithms.

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3D computed X-ray tomography of human cancellous bone at 8 μm spatial and 10−4 energy resolution

Cited by 170 publications

References 20 publications

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Direct visualization and quantification of bone growth into porous titanium implants using micro computed tomography

Assessment of the accuracy of dental enamel thickness measurements using microfocal X‐ray computed tomography

Theory of X-ray microcomputed tomography in dental research: application for the caries research

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