3D-Cultivation of bone marrow stromal cells on hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated by dispense-plotting and negative mould technique

Abstract

The main principle of a bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategy is to cultivate osteogenic cells in an osteoconductive porous scaffold. Ceramic implants for osteogenesis are based mainly on hydroxyapatite (HA), since this is the inorganic component of bone. Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a new technology in research for producing ceramic scaffolds. This technology is particularly suitable for the fabrication of individually and specially tailored single implants. For tissue engineering these scaffolds are seeded with osteoblast or osteoblast precursor cells. To supply the cultured osteoblastic cells efficiently with nutrition in these 3D-geometries a bioreactor system can be used. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of differently fabricated HA-scaffolds on bone marrow stromal cells. For this, two RP-techniques, dispense-plotting and a negative mould method, were used to produce porous ceramics. The manufactured HA-scaffolds were then cultivated in a dynamic system (bioreactor) with an osteoblastic precursor cell line. In our study, the applied RP-techniques give the opportunity to design and process HA-scaffolds with defined porosity, interconnectivity and 3D pore distribution. A higher differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells could be detected on the negative mould fabricated scaffolds, while cell proliferation was higher on the dispense-plotted scaffolds. Nevertheless, both scaffold types can be used in tissue engineering applications.

Indirect Rapid Prototyping for Tissue Engineering

“…A similar route was used to produce a polymer-TCP scaffold. Similar results, with the same approach, were obtained also in other works [55,56]. Pore diameters of ∼340 mm have been obtained; shrinkage and compressive mechanical properties have been analyzed.…”

An injectable calcium phosphate-alginate hydrogel-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell paste for bone tissue engineering

“…Calcium magnesium silicate induced proliferation and expression of ALP and OC in vitro [46]. hMSCs on HA had excellent osteoinduction [47], and porous HA scaffolds showed an enhancement of BMSC differentiation [48]. However, sintered HA implants are generally not resorbable.…”

Parameters in Three-Dimensional Osteospheroids of Telomerized Human Mesenchymal (Stromal) Stem Cells Grown on Osteoconductive Scaffolds That PredictIn VivoBone-Forming Potential

“…However, ex vivo matrix mineralization assays lack specificity, may be confounded 1 by simple precipitation of calcium phosphate, and exhibit a surprisingly poor concordance with the cellular capacity to form bone in vivo. [2][3][4] To overcome such problems, several investigators have established 3D culture system for osteoblastic cells [5][6][7][8][9] and reported induction of better osteoblast differentiation compared to 2D culture. 10,11 However, most of the described 3D culture studies, certainly those using osteogenic cells derived from osteosarcoma cell lines, did not use bone formation as their final outcome and employed instead a modified form of ex vivo mineralization assay.…”