3d Ert Imaging of the Fractured-Karst Aquifer Underlying the Experimental Site of Poitiers (France): Comparing Wenner-Schlumberger, Pole-Dipole and Hybrid Arrays

Abstract

Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) surveys were undertaken to investigate the Dogger Limestone fractured-karst aquifer at the Hydrogeological Experimental Site (HES) of Poitiers, France. Three-dimensional resistivity imaging was obtained from full inversion of combined 2D ERT data collected along five parallel 470 m long profiles with a 50 m line spacing. A 3D block measuring 515 x 203 m in size with a maximum depth of 100 m was surveyed. Dogger Limestone occurs at a depth ranging between 30 and 120 m and is overlain by argillaceous limestone. This paper compares the imaging obtained from different array sequences. Calibration of the 3D resistivity block with well logs indicates that: the Wenner-Schlumberger (WS) array shows the tendency to enhance layering, to locate bodies at a shallower depth and to laterally extend them; the Pole-Dipole (PD) array shows larger lateral heterogeneities, more compact and vertically extended bodies and poor data fitting; the hybrid array sequence, obtained by the combination of WS and PD array sequences, despite a poor data fitting, similar to PD, shows a better correlation with respect to well log results. In this setting, the hybrid array sequence shows better imaging, due to the combination of the large vertical resolution of WS, large lateral resolution and penetration depth of PD. It allows passing through the thick, low resistivity shallow layer. Indeed, the results are affected by the occurrence of the shallow, 30 m thick, low resistivity argillaceous limestone that reduced the investigation depth as revealed by synthetic datasets modelling and sensitivity analysis. Modelling also revealed that the occurrence of the argillaceous limestone led to a severe underestimate of the Dogger Limestone resistivity values with respect to well resistivity logs; it also allowed verifying the detectability limits when investigating shallow karst limestone intervals located at depths of up to 50 m.