3D evaluation of sagittal inclination of the maxillary dentition in relation to facial landmarks: A cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundThe determination of the maxillary occlusal plane presents a significant clinical challenge in the treatment of edentulous patients as well as it is critical for complex full‐mouth reconstructions in dentate patients, including those with implant‐supported rehabilitations. While the use of a Fox plane plate is standard in edentulous cases, its application in dentate patients lacks thorough documentation in existing literature.PurposeThis clinical study assessed the sagittal position of the maxillary dentition in relation to facial landmarks using a digital three‐dimensional analysis and evaluated the suitability and reliability of applying a simulated Fox plane plate, also known as an occlusal plane guide, in dentate patients.Materials and MethodsEighty‐one subjects were recruited at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany, according to specific inclusion criteria. Intraoral and facial scans were obtained and analyzed using GOM Inspect Pro software (GOM, Braunschweig, Germany). The angles between the maxillary occlusal plane and three variations each of Camper's plane and ala‐tragus line, relating to superior, middle, and inferior tragus points, were measured. These modified planes were then compared to a plane established by a simulated digital Fox plane plate, which was adapted to the maxillary anterior teeth and the lowest point of the posterior teeth in both quadrants.ResultsA total of 81 subjects (58 female and 23 male) with a mean age of 23.9 years were evaluated in this study. No significant angular difference was found between the angles of the maxillary occlusal plane compared with superior Camper's plane, middle Camper's plane, or superior ala‐tragus line (p >0.05). The smallest angle occurred between superior Camper's plane and the maxillary occlusal plane on both the right (3.443°) and left (3.535°) sides. The application of a Fox plane plate resulted in two different occlusal planes in 70% of patients, significantly deviating from the digitally determined plane (p <0.05).ConclusionSuperior and middle Camper's planes, along with superior ala‐tragus line, can be considered approximately parallel reference planes and are suitable for routine determining of the maxillary occlusal plane in restorative treatments. However, in contrast to digital evaluation methods, the application of a Fox plane plate in dentate patients showed high variability, indicating its low reproducibility due to its ambiguous positioning on the maxillary dentition.Clinical trial registration site: https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00030166.