3D full-field strain in bone-implant and bone-tooth constructs and their morphological influential factors

Abstract

The biomechanics of bone-tooth and bone-implant interfaces affects the outcomes of several dental treatments, such as implant placement, because bone, tooth and periodontal ligament are living tissues that adapt to the changes in mechanical stimulations. In this work, mechanical testing coupled with micro-CT was performed on human cadaveric mandibular bone-tooth and bone-implant constructs. Using digital volume correlation, the 3D full-field strain in bone under implant loading and tooth loading was measured. Concurrently, bone morphology and boneimplant and bone-tooth contact were also measured through analysis of micro-CT images. The results show that strain in bone increased when a tooth was replaced by a dental implant. Strain concentration was observed in peri-implant bone, as well as in the buccal bone plate, which is also the clinically-observed bone resorption area after implant placement. Decreasing implant stability measurements (resonance frequency analysis and torque test) indicated increased peri-implant strain, but their relationships may not be linear. Peri-implant bone strain linearly increased with decreasing bone-implant contact (BIC) ratio. It also linearly decreased with increasing bone-tooth/ bone-implant contact ratio. The high strain in the buccal bone plate linearly increased with decreasing buccal bone plate thickness. The results of study revealed 3D full-field strain in bonetooth and bone-implant constructs, as well as their several morphological influential factors.

A Preliminary In Vitro Study of 3D Full-Field Strain Distribution in Human Whole Premolars Using Digital Image Correlation

“…Furthermore, Palamara et al [ 13 ] found that both the magnitude and the orientation of strains would change at the CEJ, which might contribute to NCCLs. The phenomenon of changes in the magnitude of strains at the CEJ has been observed in previous experiments [ 16 , 20 ]; hence, it was the aim of this study to observe whether the orientations of strains at the CEJ change under occlusal forces in in vitro conditions to further verify the hypothesis put forward by Palamara et al [ 30 ] on the basis of FEA. The null hypothesis was that the orientations of strains at the CEJ would remain constant under occlusal forces.…”

“…Pointwise measurements, such as those provided by strain gauges [ 6 ], are sometimes not sufficient to fully monitor an experiment. Bioengineering tools [ 7 ] such as finite elements analysis (FEA) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], moiré interferometry (MI) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], and DIC [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] have been widely used in studying the mechanics of tooth or dental material.…”

“…Goellner et al [ 28 , 29 ] adopted the commercial 3D DIC measurement system Aramis to measure 3D full-field tooth displacement under load in vivo. Zhou et al [ 30 ] adopted DVC to observe the 3D full-field strain in bone–tooth constructs. Although DIC can be used to measure full-field displacements and strains, yet very few applications have been made to natural human teeth, especially to human whole premolars.…”

Understanding the thrust force evolution and primary stability for dental implantation – An in-vitro experimental investigation

“…A correlation between clinical stability (evaluated by ISQ values) and the biological events pertinent to the documented phase has been shown in relevant studies. 18–21 The results of Zhou et al 15 showed a strong linear relationship between the results of the torque test and RFA, while some studies pointed out that the correlation between torque value and ISQ was not statistically significant. 22,23…”

“…Implant stability is a prerequisite for successful implantation procedure and long-term positive outcomes of dental implants. 13,14 Many influential investigations have been conducted to measure implant stability by clinical methods, including torque test, 15 periotest, 16 resonance frequency analysis (RFA), 4,16 and pull-out strengths (POS). 4 Periotest can be measured at the time of implant insertion for complimentary assessment during the osseointegration period.…”