3D geometrical modelling of tubular braids

Abstract

Geometrical modelling for tubular braids of different structures is studied and a simple versatile three-dimensional model is proposed after considering the crimp of the braiding yarn together with the tubular curvature of the tubular braid structure. The proposed model is versatile and suitable not only for different braid structures, but also, with the changes in the structural parameters such as braid angle, number of yarns in a set, yarn and mandrel diameter the model is still applicable. Application and 3D drawings of the model for diamond, regular and triaxial braids are given with the aid of Visual Basic and 3DSMax Studio.

Micro-computed tomography analysis of tubular braided composites

“…The cross-sectional area and aspect ratio of each yarn shown in Table 2 were determined by assuming the yarns have an elliptical shape [9,31]. The aspect ratio of each yarn was determined by the cross-sectional area of each yarn from the grayscale images and using Eq.…”

“…All of the information collected using the lCT measurement technique can be used to assess the quality and consistency for manufactured braids without damaging the braid sample. The geometrical parameters measured using the lCT measurement technique can be used to compare physical braid geometrics with idealized braid geometry models [9]. Current analytical and finite element models for tubular braided composites utilize idealized geometries in order to predict braid mechanical properties [6,9,10,36,37].…”

“…The geometrical parameters measured using the lCT measurement technique can be used to compare physical braid geometrics with idealized braid geometry models [9]. Current analytical and finite element models for tubular braided composites utilize idealized geometries in order to predict braid mechanical properties [6,9,10,36,37]. All of these models make assumptions regarding the braid geometry such as the yarn cross-sectional shape; yarn major and minor diameters; fiber undulation period; as well as, matrix and fiber volume fractions.…”

“…Composite braid geometries were initially modeled using the mosaic model of Ishikawa and Chou [7] and the fiber undulation model of Naik and Shembekar [8]. Recently, braid strand path has been modeled by assuming fibers follow a sinusoidal path [6,9,10]; however, these models do not account for variations that may occur during composite braid manufacturing. To assess the accuracy of these models, it is necessary to develop a technique is necessary to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of tubular braids manufactured using a Maypole braider.…”

Analysis of the tensile behavior of tubular braids using energy method, part I: theoretical analysis

“…Nowadays, wide-spread application of this structure in the composite materials has encouraged the researchers to study their geometrical and mechanical parameters. Many attempts have been carried out to model the structure and mechanical properties of braids (Alpyildiz, 2012;Brunnschweiler, 1954;Harte & Fleck, 2000;Hopper, Wallace Grant, & Popper, 1995;Hristov, Armstrong-Carroll, Dunn, Pastore, & Gowayed, 2004;Lee et al, 2003;Omeroglu, 2006;Phoenix, 1978;Potluri, Rawal, Rivaldi, & Porat, 2003;Rawal, Kumar, & Saraswat, 2012;Yüksekkaya, 2001). The first effort to investigate the structure of braids was made by Brunnschweiler (1954).…”