3D-Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN

Chiang, Wen-Hsing; Kinzelbach, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05549-6

Cited by 92 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…Parenthetically, we note that choice of a partial line sink or a full line sink to represent the evaporative loss was found to have no effect on the estimated K value. Simulations employed the U.S. Geological Survey flow code, Modflow, and path line generation used PMWIN/PMPATH [Chiang and Kinzelbach, 2001]. Domains were discretized using $1 cm by $1 cm finite difference cells.…”

Section: Appendix A: Illustrative Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of air injection on flow through porous media: Observations and analyses of laboratory‐scale processes

Dror

Berkowitz

Gorelick

2004

Water Resources Research

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[1] The effects of air injection on flow through porous media were explored in a series of 1-m and 2-m laboratory flow cells. Our motivation was to examine air barriers as an alternative to hydraulic barriers to inhibit saline intrusion in coastal areas. Steady flow conditions were created in homogeneous and heterogeneous unconsolidated sand systems. Dry air was injected at progressively higher flow rates through a well in the center of each flow cell. Discharge and NaClÀtracer breakthrough data were measured at the outflow reservoir of each cell. In addition, a dye tracer was used to visualize the flow patterns. In all cases, air injection was found to produce stable, low-conductivity barriers that reduced discharge by an order of magnitude or more. Effective hydraulic conductivity values determined from discharge and hydraulic head data showed exponential declines with increased air-injection rates in all cases. Numerical simulation was used to quantify hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity values in the saturated and aerated regions created by air injection, and to study advective flow behavior. Pore-filling cement formed in the air-injection region and was analyzed to determine its composition, mass, and volume. Approximately 60% of the cement consisted of soluble minerals, and 40% was less soluble carbonates. Evaporation and increase in solution pH due to stripping of CO 2 by the injected air were responsible for creating the cement. The cement occupied <10% of the pore space in the sand-cement aggregate. Both the air and mineral pore-fillings dissolved when air injection ceased, indicating that both barriers are temporary. These results serve as a preliminary proof of concept that air-injection barriers might effectively inhibit undesired subsurface flow, such as saline intrusion or contaminated groundwater.

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Section: Appendix A: Illustrative Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of air injection on flow through porous media: Observations and analyses of laboratory‐scale processes

Dror

Berkowitz

Gorelick

2004

Water Resources Research

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“…Samples a, b, and c were soils taken from the Kagoshima University experimental field area and samples d and e were sand. They were re-packed into fixed positions in the flow tank with a density of 0.9 g cm −3 for samples a-c and 1.3 g cm −3 for samples d and e. The volumetric water content just after re-packing was 9% for samples a-c and 13% for samples d and e. The field generator in the groundwater modeling software PMWIN (Processing MODFLOW for Windows) (Chiang and Kinzelbach, 2001) was used to generate a field of randomly distributed 5 × 5 cm soil blocks having different saturated hydraulic conductivity in the flow tank ( Figure 1). The PCBPs were 6.0 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, and about 1 mm thick as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the importance of hysteresis and heterogeneity in the numerical simulation of unsaturated flow

Nakagawa

Saito

Berndtsson

2012

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:Soil hydraulic properties in field scale porous media are distributed with large spatial heterogeneity. Thus, detailed understanding of micro-physical properties leading to macro-scale heterogeneity is important for generalizing purposes in modeling. Hysteretic water retention properties greatly affect solute transport under unsaturated condition. In this study, laboratory infiltration experiments were carried out to investigate the importance of hysteresis in numerical modeling of water flow under heterogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity. Soil water content was observed by time domain reflectometry using small printed circuit board probes (PCBP). The PCBP observations were compared to results from numerical simulations involving saturatedunsaturated seepage analysis and two-phase flow with/ without hysteresis effects. Observations were compared to both uniform and heterogeneous parameter modeling. Differences between unsaturated-saturated and two-phase flow were quite small in the numerical results for soil water content. The uniform parameter model, however, could not properly reproduce experimental water content change. The numerical results of water content change including hysteresis matched better observations for the unsaturatedsaturated and two-phase flow cases. Results displayed that it is important to take heterogeneity and hysteresis into consideration in the numerical modeling in both two-phase and saturated-unsaturated flow analysis.

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“…For each aquifer, random fields of permeability were generated using the Field Generator in PMWIN (Chiang, 2005) which uses Mejia's algorithm (Frenzel, 1995;Mejia & RodriguezIturbe, 1974). By generating numerous permeability realizations and observing how the heat and mass distribution changes, a view of the "average" heating and mass transport behavior was examined.…”

Section: Parameters Used To Characterize Heat and Mass Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulations were modeled using the layout shown in Figure 4.12. Realizations of permeability were generated using the Field Generator in PMWIN (Chiang, 2005) which used the vertical and horizontal correlation lengths, as well as, the log mean value and log standard deviation of permeability as the input values. The aquifer properties are shown in Table 4.1.…”

Section: Simulation Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Thermal Remediation of DNAPL Source Zones

Johnson¹,

Tratnyek²,

Sleep³

et al. 2011

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3D-Groundwater Modeling with PMWIN

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of air injection on flow through porous media: Observations and analyses of laboratory‐scale processes

Effects of air injection on flow through porous media: Observations and analyses of laboratory‐scale processes

On the importance of hysteresis and heterogeneity in the numerical simulation of unsaturated flow

In Situ Thermal Remediation of DNAPL Source Zones

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