3D Hierarchical, Nanostructured Chitosan/PLA/HA Scaffolds Doped with TiO2/Au/Pt NPs with Tunable Properties for Guided Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Bone tissue is the second tissue to be replaced. Annually, over four million surgical treatments are performed. Tissue engineering constitutes an alternative to autologous grafts. Its application requires three-dimensional scaffolds, which mimic human body environment. Bone tissue has a highly organized structure and contains mostly inorganic components. The scaffolds of the latest generation should not only be biocompatible but also promote osteoconduction. Poly (lactic acid) nanofibers are commonly used for this purpose; however, they lack bioactivity and do not provide good cell adhesion. Chitosan is a commonly used biopolymer which positively affects osteoblasts’ behavior. The aim of this article was to prepare novel hybrid 3D scaffolds containing nanohydroxyapatite capable of cell-response stimulation. The matrixes were successfully obtained by PLA electrospinning and microwave-assisted chitosan crosslinking, followed by doping with three types of metallic nanoparticles (Au, Pt, and TiO2). The products and semi-components were characterized over their physicochemical properties, such as chemical structure, crystallinity, and swelling degree. Nanoparticles’ and ready biomaterials’ morphologies were investigated by SEM and TEM methods. Finally, the scaffolds were studied over bioactivity on MG-63 and effect on current-stimulated biomineralization. Obtained results confirmed preparation of tunable biomimicking matrixes which may be used as a promising tool for bone-tissue engineering.

Dental Adhesive Interfaces Reinforced with Magnetic Nanoparticles: Evaluation and Modeling with Micro-CT versus Optical Microscopy

“…Nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical applications, including orthopaedic (to reinforce composite materials for the replacement of damaged cartilage, meniscus, etc.) [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], drug delivery [ 26 , 27 , 28 ], viral sensing [ 29 ] or dental materials applications [ 30 ]. MPs are a category of nanoparticles of special interest that covers numerous such applications, including diagnosis, biosensing, tissue and immune therapy, regenerative medicine and dentistry [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ].…”

“…Regarding the first aim above, magnetic nanoparticles (MPs) manufactured in the laboratory are inserted in the adhesive, which is prepared with different procedures to optimize the adhesive distribution in the interface. Nanoparticles [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], including MPs are largely used in medicine [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ]. To our knowledge, we proposed using MPs for the first time in a series of preliminary studies [ 36 , 37 , 38 ] with the scope of obtaining a tighter connection between the composite material and the dental surface [ 39 , 40 ], compared with a conventional treatment.…”

Metallic Nanoscaffolds as Osteogenic Promoters: Advances, Challenges and Scope

“…In another study, novel hybrid 3D scaffolds were constructed which were composed of nanohydroxyapatite crosslinked with chitosan in a matrix of poly (lactic acid) nanofibers (PLA) and doped with PtNPs, AuNPs, and TiO 2 NPs together [66]. The PtNPs with sizes ranging from 10 to 20 nm with round, square and triangular shapes were homogeneously dispersed in the scaffold matrix due to their high affinity for the PLA fibers creating a "spiderweb-like" structure.…”

Development of Covalent Chitosan-Polyethylenimine Derivatives as Gene Delivery Vehicle: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation

“…CS is composed of repeating β-(1,4)-2-amino-D-glucose and β-(1,4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose units that are linked by 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds. For the past decades, CS has been largely investigated for various medical and industrial applications [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ] including drug delivery [ 38 , 39 ]. It is known for its biodegradability [ 40 , 41 ], biocompatibility [ 42 ], and ability to condense DNA [ 4 , 41 , 43 ].…”