3D Hierarchical Porous Cu-Based Composite Current Collector with Enhanced Ligaments for Notably Improved Cycle Stability of Sn Anode in Li-Ion Batteries

Abstract

A 3D porous Cu current collector used in Li-ion batteries can improve the cycling performance of Sn anodes with high specific capacity because of the accommodation of large volume expansion by the pores. However, the pure Cu ligament is too soft to endure enough stress from volume expansion, and then it leads to the fast fade of capacity because of the formation of cracks or the collapse of the 3D porous structure. In this study, a novel micro-nano 3D hierarchical porous Cu-based composite current collector with enhanced ligaments has been fabricated by one-step dealloying of the Cu-34Zn-6Al (wt %) precursor and subsequent heat treatment. The pore and microstructure evolutions during dealloying and heat treatment have been studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. To confirm the validity of the 3D porous Cu/β/γ composite current collector, Sn has been directly electroless plated on it in comparison with the porous pure Cu and the common Cu foil. It is found that the Sn-coated 3D hierarchical porous Cu/β/γ composite current collector with higher hardness shows significantly improved cycling stability compared with the Sn-coated 3D porous Cu current collector and the planar copper foil.

High Areal Capacity Porous Sn-Au Alloys with Long Cycle Life for Li-ion Microbatteries

“…Such issues are magnified in context of microbatteries, where there are not many amenities for structural engineering due to limited space. Nevertheless, there have been several efforts to utilize Sn-based materials in microbatteries -through alloying with other metal [12][13][14] constructing porous 3D architectures [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] making homogenous/ordered carbon composites [22][23][24][25][26] etc. However, most of them failed to achieve long cyclability and high rate capability.…”

Highly porous scaffolds for Ru-based microsupercapacitor electrodes using hydrogen bubble templated electrodeposition

“…However, all initial attempts to fabricate pure Pt DHBT films were unsuccessful, films thus prepared showing poor mechanical stability and adhesion to the substrates. Hence, we use a different strategy by first preparing Pt-M alloy DHBT thin films that have good mechanical stability and showed excellent adhesion to the substrate, before performing an electrochemical de-alloying step of the less noble metal M to get a Pt porous films [16][17][18]. The choice of the second and less noble metal to be de-alloyed is critical, as it directly affects the creation of vacancies in the Pt films.…”

Electrochemical Dealloying-Enabled 3D Hierarchical Porous Cu Current Collector of Lithium Metal Anodes for Dendrite Growth Inhibition

“…The porous structure also serves as Li ion transporting channels and facilitates electrochemical reaction kinetics. More importantly, current density and Li ions around the anodes can be well dispersed within the pores, which influences initial Li nucleation and plays a vital role in the morphology of subsequent Li deposition. − 3D porous Cu current collectors have stood out as good candidates for even Li deposition while maintaining high electrical conductivity. − Several papers have reported diversified methods to synthesize porous Cu such as chemical etching, − electrochemical dealloying, , templating, and so on, − but most of them require along processing time (90 min, 2, 5, 12, 20 h) and complicated processes, − especially when synthesizing a hierarchical porous structure.…”

“…28−30 3D porous Cu current collectors have stood out as good candidates for even Li deposition while maintaining high electrical conductivity. 31−35 Several papers have reported diversified methods to synthesize porous Cu such as chemical etching, 36−39 electrochemical dealloying, 40,41 templating, and so on, 42−44 but most of them require along processing time (90 min, 36 2, 42 5, 37 12, 39 20 h 38 ) and complicated processes, 45−47 especially when synthesizing a hierarchical porous structure.…”