In
this study, triangular silver nanoplates (TAgNPs) with various
sizes were prepared using a seed-mediated growth method. The TAgNPs/GO
and TAgNPs/rGO nanohybrids were synthesized by using graphene oxide
(GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), respectively. Furthermore,
nanohybrid surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with
high sensitivity have been prepared that can be used for the SERS-based
detection of biological targets. Our experimental results show that
the SERS signals were enhanced when the TAgNPs have a shorter edge
length. Such an enhancement was further promoted by the lightning
rod effect at the sharp tips of the TAgNPs. Moreover, GO has good
dispersibility in water, and the thickness of GO flakes is ∼5
nm. The TAgNPs/GO nanohybrid exhibits an improved signal enhancement
effect when compared to the TAgNPs because of the hot spot excited
along the z-axis. In addition, many oxygen-containing
moieties on the surface of GO (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxylic, and epoxide
moieties) can form hydrogen bonds with Pluronic F-127-coated TAgNPs,
which improves the dispersion of the TAgNPs on the surface of GO.
The π–π stacking interactions formed between GO
and adenine can also improve the stability of the molecular structure,
thereby increasing the adsorption of adenine molecules on the substrate.
The limit of detection (LOD) and SERS enhancement factor for adenine
were determined to be 10–9 M and 1.09 × 108 using TAgNPs/GO (40:1 w/w), respectively. For the detection
of bacteria, the SERS technique can effectively reduce the detection
time and achieve good detection results, even with low detection limits.
The LOD for Staphylococcus aureus is
only 102 CFU/mL using TAgNPs/GO. This result revealed that
TAgNPs/GO has great market potential as a SERS substrate and can be
widely used for the detection of bacteria.