3D imaging of sex-sorted bovine spermatozoon locomotion, head spin and flagellum beating

Abstract

With the advent of sperm sex sorting methods and computer-aided sperm analysis platforms, comparative 2D motility studies showed that there is no significant difference in the swimming speeds of X-sorted and Y-sorted sperm cells, clarifying earlier misconceptions. However, other differences in their swimming dynamics might have been undetectable as conventional optical microscopes are limited in revealing the complete 3D motion of free-swimming sperm cells, due to poor depth resolution and the trade-off between field-of-view and spatial resolution. Using a dual-view on-chip holographic microscope, we acquired the full 3D locomotion of 235X-sorted and 289 Y-sorted bovine sperms, precisely revealing their 3D translational head motion and the angular velocity of their head spin as well as the 3D flagellar motion. Our results confirmed that various motility parameters remain similar between X- and Y-sorted sperm populations; however, we found out that there is a statistically significant difference in Y-sorted bovine sperms’ preference for helix-shaped 3D swimming trajectories, also exhibiting an increased linearity compared to X-sorted sperms. Further research on e.g., the differences in the kinematic response of X-sorted and Y-sorted sperm cells to the surrounding chemicals and ions might shed more light on the origins of these results.

Periodical Body Deformations are Optimal Strategies for Locomotion

“…We will then prove in the final step that such minimizers produce bounded x-displacements. (5). Using Lemma 19 and once more the lower semicontinuity of T * , we obtain that the problem (13) admits a minimum.…”

“…Many field study this feature with various applications. For instance, let us quote some different issues like in robotic, making robots that are able to walk, run and fly [3,14,17,19], in biomedical, building micro-robot for drug delivery or surgery [18,22,26], in biology, understanding the displacement of bacteria as Escherichia coli [24], sperm cell [5].…”

Reconstruction of bovine spermatozoa substances distribution and morphological differences between Holstein and Korean native cattle using three-dimensional refractive index tomography

“…For example, Raman spectroscopy can reliably and independently detect the activation state of cells, and provides information at the molecular level, allowing for the investigation of functional groups, bonding types, and molecular conformations, and correlating them to the cell structural properties 33,34 . Utilizing QPI techniques, the present study not only acquired the full 3D structure of the studied bovine spermatozoa, but also revealed their 3D translational head motion and the angular velocity of their head spin as well as the 3D flagellar motion and the preference of bovine spermatozoa for helix-shaped 3D swimming trajectories 35,36 . Moreover, the substance distribution in spermatozoa was distinguished accurately and specifically with a 0.005 gradient range.…”

CRISPs Function to Boost Sperm Power Output and Motility

“…As such, this method may prove of value for the functional assessment of proteins and molecules that are regionally restricted within the tail. For an assessment of free-swimming a three-dimensional analysis is recommended ( Daloglu et al, 2018 ). While beyond the scope of the current system, we are attempting to modify the current low cost imaging system and mathematical analysis pipeline to allow the assessment of free-swimming (head rotating) to allow the reconstruction of flagellar wave in three dimension from 2D dark-field images ( Powar et al, 2021 ).…”