3D Inkjet Printing of Electronics Using UV Conversion

Abstract

additional research challenges, namely in their depo sition, conversion, and interfaces. The opportunity for AM more generally has been determined by its functionality over more traditional manufacturing methods; where geometrical complexity is an inherent strength. The realization of mul tifunctional AM (MFAM) could augment this opportunity through the processing of multiple materials to gain further com ponent function in the final part. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Pre vious work in multiple material deposition has focused on the grading of materials to enhance physical, mechanical, and bio logical charac teristics. [4,5,13] However, the concurrent deposition of dissimilar mate rials is in its infancy, due in the main to the disparate materials processing require ments for metals, polymers, and ceramics.In general the 3D printing of electronic structures is dominated by the conformal printing of conductive materials onto the surface of a dielectric structure (otherwise known as Direct Write), [14][15][16][17][18] or the embed ment of conductive elements within previously 3Dprinted dielec tric materials. [19][20][21][22] Other reports have demonstrated the printing of conductive, semiconductive and dielectric materials in a single component, but these were limited to a small number of layers (<10 layers) and hence vertical heights of a few 100 µm, limiting the aspect ratio of these 3D conductive structures. [20,[23][24][25][26] A com mercial product, Voxel 8, was recently launched to extrude con ductive pastes and thermal plastics in a single 3D printing appa ratus. [27] This approach shows that the 3D printing of functional tracks is possible but the method is often limited by the low spatial resolution of the process being used (e.g., extrusionbased AM).Recently, inkjet printing has been used for the deposition of a wide range of functional inks with a diverse spectrum of prop erties. [26,[28][29][30][31][32] The fact that inks are ejected from print heads with a large number of small nozzles offers scalability through a droplet on demand (DoD) regime, one that is commonly ena bled through piezoelectric inkjet print technology. This regime is key to enable the deposition of different materials alongside each other, required for MFAM. DoD inkjet printing has been reported as a tool for multimaterial fabrication due to the flex ibility of the technology to dynamically adapt different patterns and materials in contrast to other printing and manufacturing technologies that require fixed mask or tooling. DoD tech nology is being applied in a diverse portfolio of applications, for example in biology, tissue bioprinting, multienzyme inkjet printing, and various types of cell printing have been recently reported. [13,[33][34][35][36] In electronics, a wide range of inkjetprinted applications have been demonstrated, ranging from inkjet printing of passive components, [37][38][39][40] active components (e.g.,The production of electronic circuits and devices is limited by current manufacturing methods that limit both the form...

Dynamics of water evaporation from porous asphalt

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Increasing the functionalities of 3D printed microchemical devices by single material, multimaterial, and print-pause-print 3D printing

“…The work of Saleh et al who demonstrated 3D printing of integrated electronic devices by combining UV sintering of a conductive ink based on silver nanoparticle (AgNP), with UV curing of an insulator to house the features is one potential solution to this problem. 95 Despite rapid development of materials in research organisations, warranty issues make it unattractive to print with custom materials due to the high cost of the printer and propriety nature of the hardware and print process. The availability of multi-head FDM printers as well as options in splicing filaments for multimaterial printing using a single nozzle printer make this technique currently best equipped for the fabrication of integrated chemical devices.…”

Rheology-Assisted Microstructure Control for Printing Magnetic Composites—Material and Process Development

“…Material jetting employing photopolymerization is similar to stereolithography, where acrylate-type photopolymers are deposited and exposed to ultraviolet light [ 1 ]. Promising material systems for future applications involve resins modified with carbon-based fillers, ceramics, and metals [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Factors that mutually influence the material jetting process are machine and material parameters, including liquid material viscosity, shear-thinning effects and surface tension, print head nozzle design, print speed, and droplet velocity and frequency [ 7 ].…”