3D localization from 2D X-ray projection

Abstract

Purpose Most cardiology procedures are guided using X-ray (XR) fluoroscopy. However, the projective nature of the XR fluoroscopy does not allow for true depth perception as required for safe and efficient intervention guidance in structural heart diseases. For improving guidance, different methods have been proposed often being radiation-intensive, time-consuming, or expensive. We propose a simple 3D localization method based on a single monoplane XR projection using a co-registered centerline model. Methods The method is based on 3D anatomic surface models and corresponding centerlines generated from preprocedural imaging. After initial co-registration, 2D working points identified in monoplane XR projections are localized in 3D by minimizing the angle between the projection lines of the centerline points and the working points. The accuracy and reliability of the located 3D positions were assessed in 3D using phantom data and in patient data projected to 2D obtained during placement of embolic protection system in interventional procedures. Results With the proposed methods, 2D working points identified in monoplane XR could be successfully located in the 3D phantom and in the patient-specific 3D anatomy. Accuracy in the phantom (3D) resulted in 1.6 mm (± 0.8 mm) on average, and 2.7 mm (± 1.3 mm) on average in the patient data (2D). Conclusion The use of co-registered centerline models allows reliable and accurate 3D localization of devices from a single monoplane XR projection during placement of the embolic protection system in TAVR. The extension to different vascular interventions and combination with automatic methods for device detection and registration might be promising.

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for preprocedural planning of percutaneous left atrial appendage closure

“…Manual registration of the surface meshes to the XR system geometry was achieved with 3D-XGuide (35). Similar to previous work (36), each XR-derived landing zone was localized in 3D by calculating the intersection points of the projection lines with the 3D surface mesh (Figure 1). A respective 2D CMR image aligned with the landing zone was generated by multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), thus ensuring measurements in the CMR at the same anatomical location as chosen by periprocedural XR.…”