3D macro-element modelling approach for seismic assessment of historical masonry churches

FRP-Reinforced Masonry Structures: Numerical Modeling by Means of a New Discrete Element Approach

“…According to this approach both the FRP elements and the masonry are simulated by means of macro-elements. In particular, masonry is modeled through an approach, already proposed in the literature [9], [15], originally introduced for modeling the in-plane behavior of Unreinforced Masonry Structures [11]. The plane element is based on a flat mechanical model constituted by a hinged quadrilateral with rigid edges (panel), endowed with an internal diagonal link to model the shear diagonal behavior.…”

Numerical Assessment of the Out-of-Plane Response of Masonry Panels Reinforced by Means of FRCM Systems

“…Originally restricted to a 2D-kinematic for simulating the in-plane response of masonry [1,2], the model was extended to simulate the out-ofplane response of masonry panels, while also simulating the response of monumental structures [6,7]. In the present paper, a recent formulation that allows to model the interaction between masonry and the FRCM reinforcement [8] is applied.…”

“…The flexural response is governed by a layer of transversal links, the shear in-plane sliding is controlled by a non linear spring while the out-of-plane sliding and the torsional behaviour of the panel are controlled by two further sliding links (Figure 1). The calibration procedure of the non linear links is based on energy equivalence, as are reported in [1,6]. geometric representation of the spatial macro-model.…”

“…From such a parametric analysis, the value of the tensile strength that allows to the numerical model to best fit the experimental results was 0,015Mpa. The corresponding collapse mechanism was reported in Figure 7 in which a representation of the flexural damage was included by using a gray-scale proportional to the cumulate plastic energy [6]. The sliding is governed by a Mohr-Coulomb yielding surface with cohesion (c) equal to 0,15Mpa, friction factor =0,57 and fracture energy in sliding 0.…”

A New Discrete Macro-Node Element for the Seismic Behaviour Modelling of Reinforced Concrete Frames

“…The proposed macro-node element has been inspired by a plane macro-element proposed by the authors for the simulation of nonlinear behaviour of unreinforced masonry buildings [6,7,8,9] and masonry infilled frames [10,11]. The basic element can be described by referring to a simple mechanical representation in which the element is regarded as an articulated quadrilateral endowed with along-side interfaces that, consistently to a fibre discretization, account for both the concrete and steel bars contributions.…”