3D MEC modeling of a hybrid-excited claw pole alternator incorporating the rotor motion

Claw pole machines (CPMs) have the advantages of a simple structure and low cost; therefore, they are commonly used in electric vehicles (EV). However, the methods to improve reliability and efficiency should be studied. So, a new type of hybrid excitation claw pole machine (HE-CPM) for EV is proposed. The permanent magnet (PM) is inserted in the rotor, and the field winding is placed on the front and back ending cover. Because the hybrid flux path of the proposed machine is three-dimensional (3D) and 3D finite element analysis (FEA) is time-consuming, a 3D magnet equivalent circuit (MEC) method considering rotor position is proposed and results between 3D MEC and FEA are compared. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and 3D MEC are combined in the optimization design of HE-CPM. The optimized results prove the effectiveness of the optimization method. Finally, the flux density distribution, electromagnetic characteristics of HE-CPM are evaluated. The thermal analysis and mechanical stress analysis are carried out. The HE-CPM prototype was manufactured. The direct current (DC) bus voltages under different excitation currents and load currents are measured and compared with those of FEA. When the armature current and the excitation current are 7 A and 4 A, respectively, the rated power and rated speed of HE-CPM are 10.28 kW and 3000 rpm, respectively. The maximum efficiency is 89%. FEA results are basically consistent with the experimental results. Accurate results and time savings can be achieved by combining PSO and 3D MEC.

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“…The iron loss is calculated in (19), the copper loss is related to the resistance and current, and can be expressed as:…”

Section: Loss and Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 3D MEC modeling for HE-CPM is proposed. The Newton-Raphson iteration is used to derivate flux linkage and back EMF [19,20]. The saturation effect inside HE-CPM and the claw-to-claw flux leakage are taken into account in an improved MEC method [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization Design and Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Excitation Claw Pole Machine

Cao

Zhu

et al. 2022

Processes

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“…Also, it seems more likely that for a mesh-based MEC, a relaxation setting during iteration could be unnecessary. D. Elloumi et al proposed a 3D MEC model for hybrid-excited CPG, which was incorporated into the rotor motion [21,22]. Different flux tubes between stators and rotors were revealed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesh-Based 3D MEC Modeling of a Novel Hybrid Claw Pole Generator

Cao

Liu

2022

Energies

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A brushless parallel hybrid excitation claw pole generator (HECPG) is proposed for electric vehicle (EV) application. Permanent magnet (PM) excitation method can reduce the volume of the machine and improve the power density and efficiency. Moreover, the voltage regulation can be ensured by field excitation. The flux path of the proposed HECPG is complex, and it will take a long time for 3D finite element analysis (FEA) to process it. To reduce simulation time, the mathematical model of the generator is given by a mesh-based 3D magnet equivalent circuit (MEC) network method considering radial and axial flux, magnetic saturation, and magnetic flux leakage. The performance of the generator is analyzed by FEA and prototype experiment. Finally, the results of 3D MEC, FEA, and experiment are compared. There is little difference between the three results, so 3D MEC can ensure the accuracy and significantly reduce the simulation time. The efficiency of the proposed HECPG is 90%, and the DC-Bus voltage can be modulated by changing the amplitude of field current.

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“…Actually, many different technical designs of hybrid excited machines, including claw pole and cylindrical machines with permanent magnets, are described in literature (Paplicki et al , 2015; Di et al , 2016; Guo et al , 2009; Jack et al , 1997; Guo et al , 2003; Zhang et al , 2016; Leroy and Foveau, 2013; Melcescu et al , 2012; Burkhardt et al , 2014; Aydin et al , 2002; Dajaku et al , 2016; Ibala and Masmoudi, 2016; Elloumi et al , 2015; Zhu et al , 2015; Rebhi et al , 2011). Several claw pole machines mentioned above have some serious limitations – the excitation flux is not controllable (Guo et al , 2009; Jack et al , 1997; Guo et al , 2003; Zhang et al , 2016), introducing special areas within the machine to limit the magnetic flux leakage is required (Leroy and Foveau, 2013) or construction of the machine is very complicated (Melcescu et al , 2012; Burkhardt et al , 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torque and back-emf in hybrid excited claw pole generator

Wardach

2018

COMPEL

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Purpose The paper aims to present the hybrid excited claw pole generator design, simulation and experimental results. The prototype has claw poles on two rotor sections, between which an excitation coil is located. The innovation of this machine is permanent magnets location on claws of one part of the rotor. The paper presents construction of the machine and analysis of the current in the excitation control coil influence on the electromagnetic torque, cogging torque and back-emf values. Presented studies enabled the determination of the torque and the back-emf for both: the strengthening and the weakening of magnetic field. Design/methodology/approach In the study, finite element analysis was used to perform simulation research. Then, based on the simulation studies, an experimental model was built. The paper also presents selected experimental results. Findings Achieved results show that the proposed machine topology allows to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned in paper, i.e. necessary to introduce special areas inside the machine to limit magnetic flux leakage or its complicated construction. Research limitations/implications The obtained cogging torque values and back-emf pulsation are still relatively high. In the near future, some of known techniques for reducing these pulsations can be applied, including the use of magnetic wedges, changing shapes of rotor’s poles and/or skewing of permanent magnets. Practical implications The proposed solution can be used in wind turbines as a generator. Originality/value The paper presents an original design of a new construction of a hybrid-excited claw pole machine and also an excitation current influence on cogging torque and back-emf values.

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3D MEC modeling of a hybrid-excited claw pole alternator incorporating the rotor motion

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Optimization Design and Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Excitation Claw Pole Machine

Optimization Design and Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Excitation Claw Pole Machine

Mesh-Based 3D MEC Modeling of a Novel Hybrid Claw Pole Generator

Torque and back-emf in hybrid excited claw pole generator

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