3D microniches reveal the importance of cell size and shape

Bao, Min; Xie, Jing; Piruska, Aigars; Huck, Wilhelm T. S.

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02163-2

Cited by 169 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Nevertheless, for triangular and square shapes, while we did not see a significant bias of the shape on the organization, we found that for a small proportion of cells (5/30, figS3) MTs were aligned along the edges of triangular shapes or presented a weak bias toward the diagonals of square shapes (13/38 cells, figS3). Contrary to what was found in animal cells for the actin (Bao et al 2017;Théry et al 2006) or predicted with numerical simulations of self-organizing MTs (Mirabet et al 2018) , we find only a weak bias toward diagonals in our experiments and simulations. One explanation might be that the square shapes, due to technical limitations in the experiments, do not have sharp corners.…”

Section: Conclusion/discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The cell cytoskeleton is often viewed as a major determinant of cell shape. While the impact of geometry on cytoskeletal organization is well characterized in animal cells (Gomez et al 2016) , (Théry et al 2006;Versaevel et al 2012) ; (Bao et al 2017;Bao et al 2019) and in in vitro systems (Cosentino Lagomarsino et al 2007; Soares e Silva et al 2011;Alvarado et al 2014;Pinot et al 2009) , single cell analysis in planta is lacking. Since plant cells are encased into a stiff wall, strong and persistent geometrical constraints act on cells throughout the plant life, t he importance of cell geometry for organising cytoskeletal filaments in living plant cells needs to be better understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoskeletal organization in isolated plant cells under geometry control

Durand-Smet¹,

Spelman²,

Meyerowitz³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Specific cell and tissue form is essential to support many biological functions of living organisms. During development, the creation of different shapes at the cellular and tissue level fundamentally requires the integration of genetic, biochemical and physical inputs. It is well established that the cortical microtubule network plays a key role in the morphogenesis of the plant cell wall by guiding the organisation of new cell wall material. Moreover, it has been suggested that light or mechanical stresses can orient the microtubules thereby controlling wall architecture and plant cell shape. The cytoskeleton is thus a major determinant of plant cell shape. What is less clear is how cell shape in turn influences cytoskeletal organization. Recent in vitro experiments and numerical simulations predicted that a geometry-based rule is sufficient to explain some of the microtubule organization observed in cells. Due to their high flexural rigidity and persistence length of the order of a few millimeters, MTs are rigid over cellular dimensions and are thus expected to align along their long axis if constrained in specific geometries. This hypothesis remains to be tested in cellulo . Here we present an experimental approach to explore the relative contribution of geometry to the final organization of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons in single plant cells. We show that, in cells constrained in rectangular shapes, the cytoskeleton align along the long axis of the cells. By studying actin and microtubules in cells with the same system we show that while actin organisation requires microtubules to be present to align the converse is not the case. A model of self organizing microtubules in 3D predicts that severing of microtubules is an important parameter controlling the anisotropy of the microtubule network. We experimentally confirmed the model predictions by analysing the response to shape change in plant cells with altered microtubule severing dynamics. This work is a first step towards assessing quantitatively how cell geometry contributes to the control of cytoskeletal organization in living plant cells.

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Section: Conclusion/discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoskeletal organization in isolated plant cells under geometry control

Durand-Smet¹,

Spelman²,

Meyerowitz³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cell morphology can vary noticeably with substrate stiffness, and the change of cell morphology can also impact molecular crowding and thus the fate of cells (Guo et al, ). It has been reported that the concentration of RhoA, Arp2/3, and total mRNA is lower in larger cells, which can modify the actin organization (Bao, Xie, Piruska, & Huck, ). The lower concentration of RhoA and Arp2/3 correlates with a reduced level of F‐actin level in larger cells, and the modification of the actin organization can initiate downstream biosynthetic responses (de Araujo, Oba, Kuroda, Tanaka, & Moriyama, ; Guo et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of polydimethylsiloxane‐based substrates for in vitro culture of human periodontal ligament cells

Yan

Beucken

Yuan

et al. 2019

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells are regarded as the cell type with the highest potential for periodontal regeneration. Biophysical cues of the culture substrate are increasingly identified as vital parameters to affect cell behavior. Compared to traditional tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates corroborate more closely the elastic modulus values of the physiological environment. Consequently, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of PDMS‐based substrates with different stiffness on cellular responses of human PDL cells. PDMS substrates with different stiffness were fabricated by varying the ratio of base to curing component. The influence of PDMS substrates on PDL cell spreading and cytoskeletal morphologies, motility, proliferation, stemness gene expression, and osteogenic differentiation was evaluated and compared to that on conventional TCPS. PDL cells cultured on PDMS substrates exhibited a smaller cell size and more elongated morphology, with less spreading area, fewer focal adhesions, and faster migration than cells on TCPS. Compared to TCPS, PDMS substrates promoted the rapid in vitro expansion of PDL cells without interfering with their self‐renewal ability. In contrast, the osteogenic differentiation ability of PDL cells cultured on PDMS was lower in comparison to cells on TCPS. PDL cells on PDMS exhibited similar cell morphology, motility, proliferation, and self‐renewal gene expression. The stiffer PDMS substrate increased the osteogenic gene expression of PDL cells compared to the soft PDMS group in one donor. These data indicate that PDMS‐based substrates have the potential for the efficient PDL cell expansion.

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“…Cells respond to the mechanical properties of the ECM by adjusting the contractility of their actin cytoskeleton, which requires well-developed FAs and well-defined stress fibers 1,5,36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Expenditure during Cell Spreading Regulates the Stem Cells Responses to Matrix Stiffness

Xie

Bao

Koopman

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

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Cells respond to the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through formation of focal adhesions (FAs), re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton and adjustment of cell contractility. These are energy-demanding processes, but a potential causality between mechanical cues and cellular (energy) metabolism remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that cytoskeletal reorganization and FA formation during cell spreading on stiff substrates lead to a drop in intracellular ATP levels, thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The latter then triggers rapid mitochondrial fragmentation and an increase in ATP levels to reinforce cell tension and regulate nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ and Runx2.Genetic ablation of AMPK Thr-172 phosphorylation lowered cellular ATP content and strongly reduced responses to substrate stiffness. Together, these findings reveal the importance of energy expenditure in regulating the mechanoresponse of cells, and point to AMPK as a key mediator of stem cell fate in response to ECM mechanics.

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3D microniches reveal the importance of cell size and shape

Cited by 169 publications

References 48 publications

Cytoskeletal organization in isolated plant cells under geometry control

Cytoskeletal organization in isolated plant cells under geometry control

Evaluation of polydimethylsiloxane‐based substrates for in vitro culture of human periodontal ligament cells

Energy Expenditure during Cell Spreading Regulates the Stem Cells Responses to Matrix Stiffness

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